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Although the enzymatic framework of plant fatty acid biosynthesis has been extensively characterized, the molecular mechanisms that regulate fatty acid partitioning and seed oil accumulation are not fully understood. In this study, genome\u2010wide association analysis of soybean seed oil content identified\n                    <jats:italic>GmKASII<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a candidate gene underlying natural variation in seed oil accumulation, which was further supported by expression analysis and functional SNP characterization. Genetic manipulation of GmKASII significantly altered soybean seed oil accumulation and fatty acid composition. GmKASII overexpression increased seed oil content and promoted the accumulation of specific C18 fatty acids, including stearic acid (C18:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2), whereas\n                    <jats:italic>gmkasII<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout reduced seed oil content and resulted in increased palmitic acid (C16:0) and decreased C18:0 levels. Protein\u2013protein interaction assays, including yeast two\u2010hybrid, luciferase complementation, and co\u2010immunoprecipitation analyses, demonstrated that GmKASII physically interacts with acyl\u2010ACP thioesterase GmFATA1B, suggesting a potential functional connection between fatty acid chain elongation and acyl\u2010ACP hydrolysis pathways. Transient expression analysis in tobacco further suggested that co\u2010expression of GmKASII and GmFATA1B influences fatty acid composition in a heterologous system. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GmKASII plays an important role in regulating plastidial fatty acid flux and seed oil biosynthesis, and reveal a potential regulatory connection between fatty acid elongation and acyl\u2010ACP release pathways in soybean.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.71086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:16:50Z","timestamp":1787041010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>GWAS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010based identification of\n                    <i>GmKASII<\/i>\n                    and its interaction with\n                    <scp>GmFATA1B<\/scp>\n                    reveals their role in soybean oil composition and accumulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6731-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Science, Jilin University  Changchun 130062 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5520-3760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University  Sanya 572025 Hainan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University  Sanya 572025 Hainan 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