{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:07:00Z","timestamp":1788973620858,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32370382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32370382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    transfers DNA into plant cells, leading to tumors, hairy roots (HR), and natural genetically modified organisms (nGMOs). Transferred DNAs (T\u2010DNAs) from agrobacteria and T\u2010DNA\u2010derived cellular T\u2010DNAs (cT\u2010DNAs) from nGMOs vary considerably and may carry up to 15 different genes. Among these, opine synthase (\n                    <jats:italic>ops<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes encode the synthesis of opines used as nutrients by the agrobacteria. Earlier studies predicted large numbers of naturally transformed plant species, but only few have been identified and studied so far. We therefore developed a general method to detect cT\u2010DNAs in all publicly available whole genome sequences (WGS) and Sequence Read Archive (SRA) data from land plants. To avoid false positives, we only retained DNA sequences coding for T\u2010DNA proteins. A total of 2614 nGMO species were identified, most are eudicots. However, cT\u2010DNAs were also found in 82 mosses and 75 ferns, showing that\n                    <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    can also generate natural transformants among the early land plants. Analysis of 149 cT\u2010DNA maps revealed different types of T\u2010DNAs. Most notably, these included small T\u2010DNAs (mini T\u2010DNAs) with a single opine synthase gene. Mini T\u2010DNAs are not expected to induce tumors or HRs. The predominance of mini cT\u2010DNAs in mosses and ferns, and the presence of more complex cT\u2010DNAs in spermatophytes, indicate that mini T\u2010DNAs represent the earliest types of T\u2010DNA. Our study also detected unusual T\u2010DNA integration patterns, with multiple copies spread out over several hundreds of kilobases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.71087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:24:42Z","timestamp":1786976682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Embryophyte\u2010wide detection of natural\n                    <i>Agrobacterium<\/i>\n                    \u2010mediated horizontal gene transfer reveals an\u00a0ancient role for mini T\u2010\n                    <scp>DNAs<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0138-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of East China Plant Conservation and Utilization National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of East China Plant Conservation and Utilization National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7519-2097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiani","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of East China Plant Conservation and Utilization National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6896-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaxi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai 200032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2838-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengyuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai 200032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8697-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenghui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou 350002 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4062-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai 200032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of East China Plant Conservation and Utilization National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 201602 China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai 200032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1122-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9on","family":"Otten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire des Plantes du C.N.R.S.  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