{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:50:12Z","timestamp":1791435012531,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82373991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    Bunge is a valuable medicinal plant, yet its genetic manipulation has been limited by the lack of efficient and practical transformation methods. Here, we report a simplified, tissue culture\u2010independent strategy enabling Agrobacterium\u2010mediated gene delivery under non\u2010sterile conditions, termed hypocotyl acupuncture. The method employs needle\u2010assisted inoculation of intact seedlings at the hypocotyl, completely bypassing callus induction, regeneration, and repeated subculture. Following inoculation, EGFP\u2010positive hairy roots are selectively cultivated for approximately 4 months and then induced to regenerate shoots within one additional month, yielding transgenic plantlets in approximately 5 months. Systematic optimization achieved a transformation efficiency of approximately 55% (defined as the percentage of explants producing EGFP\u2010positive regenerants). ACCC10060 was selected as the optimal strain based on efficiency and root morphology. CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010mediated genome editing generated mutation frequencies of 53.8%\u201388.9% with no off\u2010target effects. Targeted mutagenesis of\n                    <jats:italic>SmCPS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a gene encoding a key rate\u2010limiting enzyme in tanshinone biosynthesis, resulted in altered root pigmentation. The method was successfully extended to\n                    <jats:italic>Astragalus membranaceus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Platycodon grandiflorus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Isatis indigotica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , achieving transformation efficiencies of 25%\u201355%. This study provides an efficient, practical, and broadly applicable tool for genome editing and functional genomics in medicinal plants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.71103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:07:02Z","timestamp":1791432422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypocotyl acupuncture: an efficient and practical protocol for transformation and genome editing in\n                    <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2901-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9647-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangui","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqiao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1943-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an 271018 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2025.101221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529\u2010013\u20101358\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.67.1.16\u201037.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010phyto\u2010080508\u2010081852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.113.116053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhad069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.20041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.70006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14083\/j.issn.1001\u20104942.2016.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.168709"}],"container-title":["The 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