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In the seed coat of\n                    <jats:italic>Cleome<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>hassleriana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , lignin composition switches from guaiacyl (G\u2010) lignin to C\u2010lignin during development. This involves loss of expression of caffeoyl\u2010CoA 3\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyltransferase (ChCCoAOMT) and caffeic acid 3\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyltransferase (ChCOMT), and upregulation of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ChCAD5) and laccase (ChLAC8) with substrate preference for the caffeyl moiety. How the loss of monolignol\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methylation is regulated is not understood. We reconstructed coexpression networks of the above enzymes with transcription factor (TF) candidates based on RNA sequencing data. Using a dual\u2010luciferase reporter assay, we identified ChMYB20 as an activator of the ChCCoAOMT and ChCOMT promoters, and ChMYB6\u2010like as a repressor. ChMYB5 and ChMYB42 induced ChCAD5, ChLAC8, and ChMYB6\u2010like, and ChNAC92\u2010like induced ChMYB5 and ChMYB42. The roles of the TFs in the network were further confirmed by expressing them in\n                    <jats:italic>Cleome<\/jats:italic>\n                    hairy roots. ChMYB5 and ChMYB42 suppressed monolignol\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyltransferase genes, activated downstream C\u2010lignin\u2010associated genes, and also activated each other, suggesting they are players in the switch from G\u2010 to C\u2010lignin biosynthesis via blockage of monolignol\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methylation. Models for the gene regulatory networks are presented.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.71123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:08:31Z","timestamp":1790024911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptional regulation of monolignol\n                    <i>O<\/i>\n                    \u2010methylation in\n                    <i>Cleome hassleriana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2307-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunliu","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas  Denton Texas 76203 USA"},{"name":"Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory  Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA"},{"name":"Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University  Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Burks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas  Denton Texas 76203 USA"},{"name":"Ambry Genetics, One Enterprise  Aliso Viejo California 92656 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xirong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas  Denton Texas 76203 USA"},{"name":"Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory  Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6874-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajeev K.","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas  Denton Texas 76203 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas  Denton Texas 76203 USA"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences Hubei University  Wuhan 430062 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7792-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas  Denton Texas 76203 USA"},{"name":"Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory  Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA"},{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomics Texas Tech University  Lubbock Texas 79409 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8393-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard A.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas  Denton Texas 76203 USA"},{"name":"Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory  Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 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