{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:45:06Z","timestamp":1791801906343,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPP2237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPP2237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IS 273\/10\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS 273\/10\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INST 211\/903\u20101 FUGG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INST 211\/903\u20101 FUGG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Land plant mitochondria and plastids are endosymbiotic organelles that possess their own, reduced genomes. Gene expression is largely regulated at the transcript level, predominantly by nuclear\u2010encoded proteins. Notably, up to thousands of cytidines in organellar RNAs are specifically edited to uridines, mostly restoring conserved genetic information. Key players in this process are nuclear\u2010encoded pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, which bind target RNAs in a one\u2010PPR:one\u2010nucleotide manner, following a two\u2010amino\u2010acid\u2010based code. Cytidine deamination is catalyzed by intrinsic or trans\n                    <jats:italic>\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    acting DYW domains. The modularity and programmability of PPR\u2010RNA interactions make PPR editing factors attractive candidates for the development of biotechnological tools. However, RNA target selection is not determined by the \u2018PPR code\u2019 alone, hampering the generation of highly effective and specific editors. Refining such tools requires efficient assays to dissect the determinants of editor\u2010RNA interaction. Here, we introduce a rapid assay to assess PPR editor specificity through transient expression in the cytosol of\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which offers a large and diverse transcriptome that enables extensive off\u2010target editing. Profiling of these off\u2010targets provides comprehensive information on an editor's target selectivity. Compared with a previous setup in the model moss\n                    <jats:italic>Physcomitrium patens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which relies on stable transformation, the required experimental time is reduced from months to days. We demonstrate the power of the system by characterizing the off\u2010targets of the moss editor PpPPR56. The new assay allows rapid functional assessment of editing factor variants and removes a bottleneck in understanding editor\u2010RNA interactions, which is a prerequisite for the rational improvement of PPR\u2010based RNA editing tools.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.71154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T09:51:37Z","timestamp":1791798697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A rapid and efficient\n                    <i>in planta<\/i>\n                    assay for assessment of RNA editing factor performance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3449-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Lesch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Biotechnology Department, IBBP\u2014Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants University of M\u00fcnster  Schlossplatz 8 48143 M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0948-4295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Energy Biology Department, IBBP\u2014Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants University of M\u00fcnster  Schlossplatz 8 48143 M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0796-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Schwarzl\u00e4nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Energy Biology Department, IBBP\u2014Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants University of M\u00fcnster  Schlossplatz 8 48143 M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0737-3822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till","family":"Ischebeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Biotechnology Department, IBBP\u2014Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants University of M\u00fcnster  Schlossplatz 8 48143 M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"33","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8883","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705815114","article-title":"Multiple PPR protein interactions are involved in the RNA editing system in Arabidopsis mitochondria and plastids","volume":"114","author":"Andr\u00e9s\u2010Col\u00e1s N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002910","article-title":"A combinatorial amino acid code for RNA recognition by pentatricopeptide repeat proteins","volume":"8","author":"Barkan A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-050213-040159","article-title":"Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins in plants","volume":"65","author":"Barkan A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Plant Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-015-0091-5","article-title":"Within leaf variation is the largest source of variation in agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana","volume":"11","author":"Bashandy H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant 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