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Most of these pathogens possess a relict but essential plastid, the apicoplast. The apicoplast was acquired by secondary endosymbiosis between a red alga and a flagellated eukaryotic protist. As a result the apicoplast is surrounded by four membranes. This complex structure necessitates a system of transport signals and translocons allowing nuclear encoded proteins to find their way to specific apicoplast sub\u2010compartments. Previous studies identified translocons traversing two of the four apicoplast membranes. Here we provide functional support for the role of an apicomplexan Toc75 homolog in apicoplast protein transport. We identify two apicomplexan genes encoding Toc75 and Sam50, both members of the Omp85 protein family. We localize the respective proteins to the apicoplast and the mitochondrion of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>. We show that the <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> Toc75 is essential for parasite growth and that its depletion results in a rapid defect in the import of apicoplast stromal proteins while the import of proteins of the outer compartments is affected only as the secondary consequence of organelle loss. These observations along with the homology to Toc75 suggest a potential role in transport through the second innermost membrane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T10:13:50Z","timestamp":1442571230000},"page":"1254-1269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> Toc75 Functions in Import of Stromal but not Peripheral Apicoplast Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lilach","family":"Sheiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases &amp; Department of Cellular Biology University of Georgia  500 D.W. Brooks Drive Athens GA 30602 USA"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology Institute of Infection, Immunity &amp; Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary &amp; Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow  120 University Place Glasgow G12 8TA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin D.","family":"Fellows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases &amp; Department of Cellular Biology University of Georgia  500 D.W. 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