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Control measures have helped reduce the burden of their respective diseases\u2014malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease\u2014in endemic regions. However, the need for new drugs, innovative vaccination strategies and molecular markers of disease severity and outcomes has emerged because of developing antimicrobial drug resistance, comparatively inadequate or absent vaccines, and a lack of trustworthy markers of morbid outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely reported to play a role in the biology and pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ever since they were discovered. EVs are secreted by a yet to be fully understood mechanism in protozoans into the extracellular milieu and carry a cargo of diverse molecules that reflect the originator cell's metabolic state. Although our understanding of the biogenesis and function of EVs continues to deepen, the question of how EVs in\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    can serve as targets for a translational agenda into clinical and public health interventions is yet to be fully explored. Here, as a consortium of protozoan researchers, we outline a plan for future researchers and pose three questions to direct an EV's translational agenda in\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We opine that in the long term, executing this blueprint will help bridge the current unmet needs of these medically important protozoan diseases in sub\u2010Saharan Africa and Latin America.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T07:11:04Z","timestamp":1713337864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles: Translational Agenda Questions for\u00a0Three Protozoan Parasites"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kwesi\u00a0Z.","family":"Tandoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00a0Victoria","family":"Ibarra\u2010Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4429-0110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Langlais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"IDIGH The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00a0Claudia","family":"Torrecilhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Celular e Bioqu\u00edmica de Fungos e Protozo\u00e1rios Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Ambientais, Qu\u00edmicas e Farmac\u00eauticas  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Fernandez\u2010Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neta","family":"Regev\u2010Rudzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy\u00a0O.","family":"Duah\u2010Quashie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Malaria Report 2021.(Geneva: World Health Organization) 2021. 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