{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:55:22Z","timestamp":1772160922627,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7-9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Traffic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Among extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes, comprised within small EVs are bilayered nanovesicles carrying specific cargo that are released into the interstitial space in a highly regulated manner. In this study, we investigated the message transmitted through macrophage\u2010derived small EVs in response to the interaction with\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the protozoan responsible for Chagas disease. We utilized two distinct parasite strains, the virulent CL Brener and the attenuated TCC. When taken up by\n                    <jats:italic>na\u03cave<\/jats:italic>\n                    macrophages (M\u03c6s) in\u00a0vitro\n                    <jats:italic>, s<\/jats:italic>\n                    mall EVs derived from TCC\u2010infected cells favor an adverse environment for parasite spread, with M1\u2010like cytokine pattern. In contrast, EVs from CL Brener\u2010infected cells fostered a more permissive environment with reduced TNF\u2010\u03b1\/IL\u201010 ratio, higher phagocytic activity and reduced migration capacity, which may hinder a timely immune response. Further, while\n                    <jats:italic>na\u00efve<\/jats:italic>\n                    M\u03c6s' EVs induced iNOS and nitric oxide (NO) secretion, EVs from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010infected M\u03c6s failed to robustly activate iNOS, suggesting the parasite may modulate EV\u2010mediated communication to avoid NO toxicity. In\u00a0vivo assays showed distinct parasitemia courses with higher parasite burden when mice were treated with small EVs from CL Brener\u2010infected M\u03c6s. Overall, small EVs released by infected M\u03c6s serve as messengers in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection, inducing different immune responses based on parasite virulence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T03:26:07Z","timestamp":1756351567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Strain\u2010Dependent Immune Signaling by Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived From\n                    <i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i>\n                    \u2010Infected Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1205-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Mes\u00edas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Experimental \u201cDr. Miguel \u00c1ngel Basombr\u00edo\u201d (IPE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)\u2014Universidad Nacional de Salta  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8202-3614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elisa","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Experimental \u201cDr. Miguel \u00c1ngel Basombr\u00edo\u201d (IPE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)\u2014Universidad Nacional de Salta  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximiliano","family":"Cosenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas, EByN, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn\u2014CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra N.","family":"Poulakidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Experimental \u201cDr. Miguel \u00c1ngel Basombr\u00edo\u201d (IPE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)\u2014Universidad Nacional de Salta  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Experimental \u201cDr. Miguel \u00c1ngel Basombr\u00edo\u201d (IPE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)\u2014Universidad Nacional de Salta  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Acu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Experimental \u201cDr. Miguel \u00c1ngel Basombr\u00edo\u201d (IPE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)\u2014Universidad Nacional de Salta  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"P\u00e9rez Brand\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Experimental \u201cDr. Miguel \u00c1ngel Basombr\u00edo\u201d (IPE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)\u2014Universidad Nacional de Salta  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Tekiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas, EByN, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn\u2014CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patolog\u00eda Experimental \u201cDr. Miguel \u00c1ngel Basombr\u00edo\u201d (IPE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)\u2014Universidad Nacional de Salta  Salta Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PNTD.0004269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JEV2.12144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41577\u2010022\u201000763\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS24021337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBADIS.2019.165658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.1103478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CRIMMU.2023.100066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PPAT.1008474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6650670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001\u2010706X(97)00088\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166\u20106851(89)90050\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MICINF.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5230603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/JEV.V4.28734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PNTD.0006475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PNTD.0007163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/CMI.12672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSOMEGA.0C01582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/MGEN.0.000177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"6970","article-title":"Exosome\u2010Mediated Macrophage Regulation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Repair: A Potential Target of Gut Inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Ma F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2023.00381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1343364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/EMBR.201439363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102007\u201003\u2010079152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCIMB.2020.00099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS22105183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2018.02650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MSPHERE.00601\u201022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2252\u20102259.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ABB.2004.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FREERADBIOMED.2018.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036\u201046652011000500002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/4519\/PDF"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2019.02140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2024.1342431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FIMMU.2022.1038332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS25137493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12951\u2010021\u201000986\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41419\u2010020\u201003127\u2010Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/178362A0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PNTD.0001777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022\u20103395(2000)086[1213:DOTCEM]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/JEV.V4.27031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JEV2.12404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2024.2367682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Immunology","author":"Mosser D. M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20104939\u20102929\u20100_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NPROT.2007.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"Detecci\u00f3n de Trypanosoma cruzi en tejido y sangre murina por PCR convencional y en tiempo real","volume":"48","author":"Davies rea\u00ec C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica Latinoamericana"}],"container-title":["Traffic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tra.70017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T11:42:00Z","timestamp":1758714120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tra.70017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tra.70017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tra.70017","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/TRA.70017\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/TRA.70017\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/TRA.70017\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/TRA.70017\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/TRA.70017\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/TRA.70017\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1398-9219","1600-0854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70017"}}