{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:10:37Z","timestamp":1790878237575,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]],"date-time":"2012-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 150,000 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> blood donors are deferred annually for travel to malaria\u2010endemic areas. However, the majority do not travel to the high\u2010risk areas of Africa associated with transfusion\u2010transmitted malaria (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTM<\/jats:styled-content>) but visit low\u2010risk areas such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>exico. This study tests for <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> infection among malaria\u2010deferred donors, particularly those visiting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>exico.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood donors deferred for malaria risk (travel, residence, or previous infection) provided blood samples and completed a questionnaire. Plasma was tested for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIA<\/jats:styled-content>); repeat\u2010reactive (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) samples were considered positive and tested by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>). Accepted donors provided background testing data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 2005 to 2011, a total of 5610 malaria\u2010deferred donors were tested by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIA<\/jats:styled-content>, including 5412 travel deferrals. Overall, 88 (1.6%) were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EIA RR<\/jats:styled-content>; none were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> positive. Forty\u2010nine (55.7%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> donors previously had malaria irrespective of deferral category, including 34 deferred for travel. Among 1121 travelers to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>exico, 90% visited <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>uintana <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>oo (no or very low risk), but just 2.2% visited <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>axaca\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hiapas (moderate or high risk). Only two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>exican travelers tested <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>; both previously had malaria not acquired in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>exico.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Travel to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>exico represents a large percentage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> donors deferred for malaria risk; however, these donors primarily visit no\u2010 or very\u2010low\u2010risk areas. No malaria cases acquired in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>exico were identified thereby supporting previous risk estimates. Consideration should be given to allowing blood donations from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> donors who travel to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>uintana <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>oo and other low\u2010risk areas in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>exico. A more effective approach to preventing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTM<\/jats:styled-content> would be to defer all donors with a history of malaria, even if remote.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T11:25:10Z","timestamp":1355138710000},"page":"1736-1743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Analyzing actual risk in malaria\u2010deferred donors through selective serologic testing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Megan L.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transmissible Diseases Department American Red Cross Holland Laboratory  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Greater Chesapeake and Potomac Region American Red Cross  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tami","family":"Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transmissible Diseases Department American Red Cross Holland Laboratory  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Greater Chesapeake and Potomac Region American Red Cross  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Gibble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transmissible Diseases Department American Red Cross Holland Laboratory  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Greater Chesapeake and Potomac Region American Red Cross  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney R.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transmissible Diseases Department American Red Cross Holland Laboratory  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Greater Chesapeake and Potomac Region American Red Cross  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Leiby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transmissible Diseases Department American Red Cross Holland Laboratory  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Greater Chesapeake and Potomac Region American Red Cross  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.World malaria report 2011. 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