{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:27:25Z","timestamp":1789064845390,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n In pretransfusion testing at our institution, unexplained reactions are reported as antibody of undetermined specificity (\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) after antibodies against Food and Drug Administration\u2013specified red blood cell antigens have been ruled out. The frequency, laboratory features, and natural history of these reactions are not well defined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We retrospectively examined\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n reported at a single institution between July 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. For\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n reported in the first quarter of 2012, the reference workup and antibodies identified during subsequent testing were reviewed to characterize the laboratory features and natural history of\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 8121 antibodies were detected in 6058 patients during the study period.\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was reported 1442 times (18%) and was the single most reported event, followed by anti\u2010\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n (18%) and anti\u2010\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n (14%). In the first quarter of 2012,\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was reported in 174 unique patients. Most\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (78%) reacted with two cells or less tested in gel and most reactions (98%) were 1+ or weaker. Forty\u2010five patients presenting with\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n for the first time had repeated antibody workup later.\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n persisted in 31 cases for 2 to 60 days.\n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n disappeared in 14 cases, seven of which developed a total of 10 new antibodies (three anti\u2010\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; one anti\u2010\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; one anti\u2010\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; two anti\u2010\n \n Jk\n b<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ; and one each of anti\u2010\n \n Le\n a<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , anti\u2010s, and warm autoantibody) in 3 to 21 days (median, 8 days).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n AUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n is a common finding with our pretransfusion testing method. These reactions are heterogeneous and may represent antibodies against low\u2010prevalence antigens, non\u2010\n RBC<\/jats:styled-content>\n antigens, or developing antibodies that are clinically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T06:28:56Z","timestamp":1357885736000},"page":"931-938","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Antibody of undetermined specificity: frequency, laboratory features, and natural history"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine Department of Pathology & Immunology Washington University St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda J.","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine Department of Pathology & Immunology Washington University St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.1998.7420067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/87.5.633"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1976.16476247048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"374","article-title":"Semi automated solid phase adherence assays for pre\u2010transfusion testing","volume":"41","author":"Beck ML","year":"1984","journal-title":"Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1990.30290162894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-595","article-title":"Comparison of tube and gel techniques for antibody identification","volume":"16","author":"Novaretti MC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunohematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-728","article-title":"The gel test: sensitivity and specificity for unexpected antibodies to blood group antigens","volume":"13","author":"Judd WJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunohematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-553","article-title":"Selecting an acceptable and safe antibody detection test can present a dilemma","volume":"17","author":"Combs MR","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunohematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.5858\/1999-123-0693-EAIOTG","article-title":"Evaluation and implementation of the gel test for indirect antiglobulin testing in a community hospital laboratory","volume":"123","author":"Cate JC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2011-0127-CPR.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"Additional standards for diagnostic substances for laboratory tests\u2014reagent red blood cells 21 CFR Sect. 660.30 (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Technical manual","author":"American Association of Blood Banks","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.1999.7730154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000065741.31599.9C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2001.41111413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1990.30690333485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.1996.7140216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1999.39070763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-513","article-title":"Screening for RBC antibodies\u2014what should we expect from antibody detection RBCs","volume":"18","author":"Garratty G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunohematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-646","article-title":"In vitro reactions with red blood cells that are not due to blood group antibodies: a review","volume":"14","author":"Garratty G","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunohematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470986868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00708.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090248"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.02014.x"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.12070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.12070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T14:45:12Z","timestamp":1697294712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.12070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.12070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.12070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718012428.793477167","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]}}}