{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:27:08Z","timestamp":1761676028646},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]],"date-time":"2013-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood transfusions are common in older adults and also may modulate the immune system. However, the impact of transfusion on cancer risk in the elderly has not been studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer risk after blood transfusion was evaluated in a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> population\u2010based case\u2013control study using 552,951 elderly cases identified from cancer registries and 100,000 frequency\u2010matched controls. Transfusions received 0 to 12, 13 to 30, and 31 to 48 months before cancer diagnosis or selection date were identified using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>edicare claims. Odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORs<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIs<\/jats:styled-content>) were calculated using logistic regression models. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>onferroni correction adjusted for multiple testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transfusions received 0 to 12 months before cancer diagnosis and\/or selection were associated with significantly elevated risk of cancer overall (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>,\u20092.05; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.95\u20102.16) and cancer of the stomach; cancer of the colon; cancer of the liver, kidney, renal pelvis, and\/or ureter; lymphoma; myeloma; and leukemia. No significant associations for cancer overall were observed for the two earlier intervals. No site was associated with transfusions received 13 to 30 or 31 to 48 months before diagnosis and\/or selection. Nonetheless, overall cancer risk increased with the number of transfused periods (p\u2010trend\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk of overall cancer and specific sites was elevated 0 to 12 months after blood transfusion and associated with multiple transfusions, possibly due to reverse causation, that is, incipient cancers or cancer precursors causing anemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]],"date-time":"2013-01-16T11:31:56Z","timestamp":1358335916000},"page":"2198-2206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Blood transfusions and the subsequent risk of cancers in the United States elderly"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Riedl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Information Management Services  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Information Management Services  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan L.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Information Management Services  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Berghold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Information Management Services  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Ricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for 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