{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:33:42Z","timestamp":1791048822415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11pt2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n typing strategies in several\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n uropean countries protect carriers of\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n category\n VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n DVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) from anti\u2010\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n immunization but not carriers of other partial\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Besides\n DVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , one of the clinically most important partial\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n is\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n category\n IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). A detailed description and direct comparison of the different\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n types was missing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n \n RHD<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n nucleotide sequences were determined from genomic\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n epitope patterns were established with commercial monoclonal anti\u2010\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n panels.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n comprises several variants of the\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n antigen with distinct serology, molecular structures, evolutionary origins, and ethnic prevalences. The\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotype is determined by 350\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n shared by all, but not limited to,\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n variants which are further divided into\n DIVa<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n DIVb<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The\n DIVa<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotype is expressed by\n \n DIV Type 1.0<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n harboring 350\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the dispersed amino acids 62\n F<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 137\n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and 152\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The\n DIVb<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotype is expressed by\n \n DIV Type 3<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n to\n \n Type 5<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n representing\n \n RHD\u2010CE\u2010D<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n hybrids. Four of the six postulated\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n variants were encountered among 23\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n samples analyzed. Of 12\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n carriers with anti\u2010\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 10 were female and seven likely immunized by pregnancy. Two\n \n DIV<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related alleles are newly described:\n DWN<\/jats:styled-content>\n , which differs from\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n Type 4 by 350\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n and epitope pattern.\n DNT<\/jats:styled-content>\n carries 152\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n , known to cause a large\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n antigen density.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n \n DIV<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n alleles arose from at least two independent evolutionary events.\n \n DIV Type 1.0<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n with\n DIVa<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotype belongs to the oldest extant human\n \n RHD<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n alleles.\n \n DIV Type 2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n to\n \n Type 5<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n with\n DIVb<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotype arose from more recent gene conversions. Anti\u2010\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n immunization, especially dreaded in pregnancies, will be avoided not only in carriers of\n DVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n but also in carriers of other\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n variants like\n DIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n , if our proposed\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n typing strategy is adopted.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T00:05:44Z","timestamp":1362528344000},"page":"2960-2973","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["D<\/scp>\n category\n IV<\/scp>\n : a group of clinically relevant and phylogenetically diverse partial\n D<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Inge","family":"von Zabern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK (German Red Cross) Blood Donor Service Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg\u2013Hessen, Institute Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK Blood Donor Service NSTOB, Institute Springe Germany"},{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers Shreveport Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz F.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK (German Red Cross) Blood Donor Service Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg\u2013Hessen, Institute Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK Blood Donor Service NSTOB, Institute Springe Germany"},{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers Shreveport Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joann M.","family":"Moulds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK (German Red Cross) Blood Donor Service Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg\u2013Hessen, Institute Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK Blood Donor Service NSTOB, Institute Springe Germany"},{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers Shreveport Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Moulds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK (German Red Cross) Blood Donor Service Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg\u2013Hessen, Institute Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK Blood Donor Service NSTOB, Institute Springe Germany"},{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers Shreveport Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy A.","family":"Flegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK (German Red Cross) Blood Donor Service Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg\u2013Hessen, Institute Ulm Germany"},{"name":"DRK Blood Donor Service NSTOB, Institute Springe Germany"},{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers Shreveport Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"895","article-title":"Presence of anti\u2010D antibody in the serum of a Du patient","volume":"41","author":"Argall CI","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"The human blood groups","author":"Salmon 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