{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T02:57:49Z","timestamp":1771210669212,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11pt2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibodies to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>ell antigens can be clinically important but only limited data are published regarding anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>u. Missense nucleotide changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KEL<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> account for the numerous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>ell antigens, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>mod<\/jats:sub> phenotype, and even the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>null<\/jats:sub> phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> were extracted from white blood cells and polymerase chain reaction\u2013based assays, cloning, and sequencing were done using standard protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>u in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>roband\u20091, which caused hemolytic disease and anemia of the fetus and newborn, was a mixture of immunoglobulin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Ig<\/jats:styled-content>)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and gave macrophage indexes ranging from 47.8 to 59.3 (&gt;20\u2009is\u2009clinically significant) in a monocyte monolayer assay. The proband, her daughter, and compatible sister had a heterozygous deletion of a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>xon 18 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ucleotide c.1972_1975del<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>) in a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KEL*02<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> allele causing a frameshift. The mechanism for silencing of the other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KE*02<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> allele was undetermined. Proband\u20092 was heterozygous for a nonsense change (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KEL<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>*<\/jats:italic>382<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rg128<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>top), a missense change (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KEL<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>*<\/jats:italic>244<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ys82<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rg), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KEL<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>*<\/jats:italic>578<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KEL*01\/KEL*02<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>). Direct sequencing of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cDNA<\/jats:styled-content> and cloning showed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KEL*01<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> allele had 244<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>, 382<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>, 578<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>KEL*02<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> allele carried 244<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>, 382<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>, 578<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a novel single\u2010nucleotide deletion, a novel nonsense allele, and a novel missense allele all resulting in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>null<\/jats:sub> phenotype. The anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>u from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>roband\u20091 was clinically important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T04:48:51Z","timestamp":1366001331000},"page":"2867-2871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Three novel alleles in the <scp>K<\/scp>ell blood group system resulting in the <scp>K<\/scp><sub>null<\/sub> phenotype and the first in a <scp>N<\/scp>ative <scp>A<\/scp>merican"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Joann M.","family":"Moulds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers  Shreveport Louisiana"},{"name":"Immunohematology Reference Lab Oklahoma Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma"},{"name":"Laboratories of Immunochemistry New York Blood Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Persa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers  Shreveport Louisiana"},{"name":"Immunohematology Reference Lab Oklahoma Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma"},{"name":"Laboratories of Immunochemistry New York Blood Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darbi","family":"Rierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers  Shreveport Louisiana"},{"name":"Immunohematology Reference Lab Oklahoma Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma"},{"name":"Laboratories of Immunochemistry New York Blood Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina L.","family":"Billingsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers  Shreveport Louisiana"},{"name":"Immunohematology Reference Lab Oklahoma Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma"},{"name":"Laboratories of Immunochemistry New York Blood Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghislain T.","family":"Noumsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers  Shreveport Louisiana"},{"name":"Immunohematology Reference Lab Oklahoma Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma"},{"name":"Laboratories of Immunochemistry New York Blood Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Hue\u2010Roye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers  Shreveport Louisiana"},{"name":"Immunohematology Reference Lab Oklahoma Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma"},{"name":"Laboratories of Immunochemistry New York Blood Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion E.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Services LifeShare Blood Centers  Shreveport Louisiana"},{"name":"Immunohematology Reference Lab Oklahoma Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma"},{"name":"Laboratories of Immunochemistry New York Blood Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"The blood group antigen factsbook","author":"Reid ME","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-174","article-title":"Possible suppression of fetal erythropoiesis by the Kell blood group antibody anti\u2010Kpa","volume":"27","author":"Tuson M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunohematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Maternal Kell blood group alloimmunization","volume":"79","author":"Bowman JM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/180711a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1966.tb04258.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"135A","article-title":"Evaluation of the rare anti\u2010Ku antibody using monocyte monolayer assay (MMA)","volume":"51","author":"Noumsi GT","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.14.6353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"164A","article-title":"Two novel and related high\u2010prevalence antigens in the Kell blood group system","volume":"47","author":"Velliquette RW","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009879200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.1997.7310001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103433200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1984.tb01268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1987.27688071692.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"135A","article-title":"Characterization of the first K0 with anti\u2010Ku found in an Apache Indian","volume":"51","author":"Moulds JM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"42A","article-title":"A novel allele in the Kell blood group system resulting in the Knull phenotype","volume":"52","author":"Moulds J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.1.310.413k12_310_318","article-title":"Identification of a defect in the intracellular trafficking of a Kell blood group variant","volume":"4","author":"Yazdanbakhsh K","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.12205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.12205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T22:17:43Z","timestamp":1694643463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.12205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11pt2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.12205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.12205","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]}}}