{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:32:10Z","timestamp":1788348730021,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]],"date-time":"2013-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Red blood cell (RBC<\/jats:styled-content>) alloantibodies to nonself antigens may develop after transfusion or pregnancy, leading to morbidity and mortality in the form of hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn. A better understanding of the mechanisms of RBC<\/jats:styled-content> alloantibody induction, or strategies to mitigate the consequences of such antibodies, may ultimately improve transfusion safety. However, such studies are inherently difficult in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>We recently generated transgenic mice with RBC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific expression of the human KEL<\/jats:styled-content> glycoprotein, specifically the KEL<\/jats:styled-content>2 or KEL<\/jats:styled-content>1 antigens. Herein, we investigate recipient alloimmune responses to transfused RBCs<\/jats:styled-content> in this system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Transfusion of RBCs<\/jats:styled-content> from KEL<\/jats:styled-content>2 donors into wild\u2010type recipients (lacking the human KEL<\/jats:styled-content> protein but expressing the murine KEL<\/jats:styled-content> ortholog) resulted in dose\u2010dependent anti\u2010KEL<\/jats:styled-content> glycoprotein immunoglobulin (Ig<\/jats:styled-content>)M<\/jats:styled-content> and IgG<\/jats:styled-content> antibody responses, enhanced by recipient inflammation with poly(I<\/jats:styled-content>:C<\/jats:styled-content>). Boostable responses were evident upon repeat transfusion, with morbid\u2010appearing alloimmunized recipients experiencing rapid clearance of transfused KEL<\/jats:styled-content>2 but not control RBCs<\/jats:styled-content>. Although KEL<\/jats:styled-content>1 RBCs<\/jats:styled-content> were also immunogenic after transfusion into wild\u2010type recipients, transfusion of KEL<\/jats:styled-content>1 RBCs<\/jats:styled-content> into KEL<\/jats:styled-content>2 recipients or vice versa failed to lead to detectable anti\u2010KEL<\/jats:styled-content>1 or anti\u2010KEL<\/jats:styled-content>2 responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>This murine model, with reproducible and clinically significant KEL<\/jats:styled-content> glycoprotein alloantibody responses, provides a platform for future mechanistic studies of RBC<\/jats:styled-content> alloantibody induction and consequences. Long\u2010term translational goals of these studies include improving transfusion safety for at\u2010risk patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]],"date-time":"2013-04-29T08:01:53Z","timestamp":1367222513000},"page":"179-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Transfusion of murine red blood cells expressing the human KEL<\/scp> glycoprotein induces clinically significant alloantibodies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sean R.","family":"Stowell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn R.","family":"Girard\u2010Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole H.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate L.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Maridith","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Zimring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne E.","family":"Hendrickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"(FDA).Fatalities reported to the FDA following blood collection.2012. [cited 2013 Feb 1]. Available from: URL:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/BiologicsBloodVaccines\/SafetyAvailability"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31826d7dc1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2004.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"The blood group antigen facts book","author":"Reid ME","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e32833199ed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00924_1.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-3274(02)00066-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2007.00945.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-196301030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(89)90004-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e328311f40a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e328313695e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-083105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.9.2872"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-09-382655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-214387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-193748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-040139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2010.01327.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-132092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(46)91925-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V8.11.1029.1029","article-title":"Fatal transfusion reaction due to the Kell factor","volume":"8","author":"Ottensooser F","year":"1953","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Maternal Kell blood group alloimmunization","volume":"79","author":"Bowman JM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2008.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510000251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-083097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1983.00561.x-i1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.02014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37497265337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01801.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00946.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1979.19279160294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.02045.x"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.12217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.12217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T19:14:05Z","timestamp":1696187645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.12217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.12217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.12217","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]]}}}