{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:44:59Z","timestamp":1760147099253},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]],"date-time":"2013-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The safety of red blood cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBCs<\/jats:styled-content>) is of concern because of the occurrence of four transfusion\u2010transmitted variant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>reutzfeldt\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>akob disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vCJD<\/jats:styled-content>) cases in the United Kingdom. The absence of validated screening tests requires the use of procedures to remove prions from blood to minimize the risk of transmission. These procedures must be validated using infectious prions in a form that is as close as possible to one in blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Units of human whole blood (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WB<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBCs<\/jats:styled-content> were spiked with high\u2010speed supernatants of 263<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content> scrapie\u2010infected hamster brain homogenates. Spiked samples were leukoreduced and then passed through prion\u2010removing filters (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>all Corporation). In another experiment, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBCs<\/jats:styled-content> from 263<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content> scrapie\u2010infected hamsters were treated as above, and residual infectivity was measured by bioassay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall removal of infectivity by the filters from prion\u2010spiked <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WB<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBCs<\/jats:styled-content> was approximately two orders of magnitude. No infectivity was detected in filtered hamster <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBCs<\/jats:styled-content> endogenously infected with scrapie.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of prion\u2010removing filters may help to reduce the risk of transfusion\u2010transmitted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vCJD<\/jats:styled-content>. To avoid overestimation of prion removal efficiency in validation studies, it may be more appropriate to use supernates from ultracentrifugation of scrapie\u2010infected hamster brain homogenate rather than the current standard brain homogenates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T05:28:40Z","timestamp":1375766920000},"page":"990-995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of prion reduction filters in decreasing infectivity of ultracentrifuged 263<scp>K<\/scp> scrapie\u2010infected brain homogenates in \u201cspiked\u201d human blood and red blood cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Franco","family":"Cardone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Sowemimo\u2010Coker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemonetics Corporation  Braintree Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanin","family":"Abdel\u2010Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Sbriccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Graziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelina","family":"Valanzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito Angelo","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Galeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Puopolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Pocchiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2010.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16812-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.00640.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1999.39111169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.9.4649-4650.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0041-1132.2003.00586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0041-1132.2004.04198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-152520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02169-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"UK Department of Health.Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens. 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