{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:05:14Z","timestamp":1791266714340,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sanquin Blood Supply"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>The Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever outbreaks in the N<\/jats:styled-content>etherlands in 2007 to 2009 initiated discussion on the necessity of measures to prevent transmission through blood products. Risk assessments help transfusion regulators decide when and where measures are required. This study assesses the transfusion transmission (TT<\/jats:styled-content>) risk of Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever using the E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean U<\/jats:styled-content>p\u2010F<\/jats:styled-content>ront R<\/jats:styled-content>isk A<\/jats:styled-content>ssessment T<\/jats:styled-content>ool (EUFRAT<\/jats:styled-content>) model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>We estimated the number of Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever infections in recipients during the 2007 to 2009 outbreaks' peaks using selected notification data; estimates are calculated from the probability of a donor being infected. We compared this probability to the prevalence of infection estimated from an independent donation testing study and using the B<\/jats:styled-content>iggerstaff model. We also quantified the risk reduction by implementing measures such as donation testing and donor deferral.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A<\/jats:styled-content>t the peak of the 2007, 2008, and 2009 outbreaks, there were an estimated 0.21, 0.96, and 1.59 recipients infected with Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever, respectively. Between J<\/jats:styled-content>une 1, 2009, and J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 31, 2010, the probability of a donor being infected with Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever in the high\u2010incidence areas was estimated at 260 (95% confidence interval, 192\u2010340) per 100,000 donors, consistent with results from the donation testing study. The EUFRAT<\/jats:styled-content> estimates were also consistent with estimates from the B<\/jats:styled-content>iggerstaff model. Scenario analyses showed that donation testing provided the largest risk reduction of various risk reduction strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The TT<\/jats:styled-content> risk of Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever during the 2007 to 2009 outbreaks was small, a result that is consistent with results of other studies. EUFRAT<\/jats:styled-content> can be applied successfully to support decision making during outbreaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T10:25:08Z","timestamp":1390559108000},"page":"1705-1711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Estimating the transfusion transmission risk of Q<\/scp> fever"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Welling","family":"Oei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam E.E.","family":"Kretzschmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans L.","family":"Zaaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees L.","family":"van der Poel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart P.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"pii=19520","article-title":"Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures","volume":"15","author":"Hoek W","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"CDC.Q fever transmitted by blood transfusion\u2014United States. Veterinary Public Health Notes1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"The Chikungunya epidemic in Italy and its repercussion on the blood system","volume":"6","author":"Liumbruno GM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"pii=20058","article-title":"Relation between Q fever notifications and Coxiella burnetii infections during the 2009 outbreak in The Netherlands","volume":"17","author":"Hoek W","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"Centre of Statistics Bureau.Statistics Netherlands. Bevolking en huishoudens; viercijverige postcode 1 january 2010. [Population and households; four\u2010digits postcode 1 January 2010].2012. The Hague. 7\u20101\u20102012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200003000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).ECDC Technical report\u2014risk assessment on Q fever. Stockholm: ECDC;2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir234"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"McDonaldS BrookeJ National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM).Disease specific information: Q fever. 1\u201020. 9\u201028\u20102011. 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