{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:41:08Z","timestamp":1782996068304,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present an analysis of the first 2\u2009years of hepatitis B virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) nucleic acid testing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAT<\/jats:styled-content>) of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian donor population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>uly 5, 2010, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>uly 4, 2012, all blood donations were screened for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> and hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> surface antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBsAg<\/jats:styled-content>). Donors who tested <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBsAg<\/jats:styled-content> negative but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV NAT<\/jats:styled-content> positive were assessed as occult hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content>) if reactive for antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content>). Donors who were anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content> reactive but with nonrepeatable or nondiscriminated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAT<\/jats:styled-content> results were assessed as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> inconclusive pending follow\u2010up testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period a total of 2,673,521 donations were screened for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>. Forty\u2010two chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> infections (5.55\/100,000 donors) were identified compared to eight acute serologic window period infections (1.06\/100,000 donors). Of the 42 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> cases, 23 (54.8%) were detected the first time they were screened for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> while 19 (45.2%) gave one or more <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV NAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013nonreactive results before detection. Of 68 donors initially assessed as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> inconclusive and available for follow\u2010up, 10 later confirmed as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> cases while 51 were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAT<\/jats:styled-content> nonreactive but remained anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content> reactive and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> could not be excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated a substantially higher prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> compared to acute serologic window period <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infections in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian blood donors. Follow\u2010up testing of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> cases indicates that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> is often only intermittently detectable in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content>, highlighting the importance of including anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content> to optimize the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> testing algorithm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T02:04:46Z","timestamp":1395367486000},"page":"2084-2091","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Hepatitis <scp>B<\/scp> virus nucleic acid amplification testing of <scp>A<\/scp>ustralian blood donors highlights the complexity of confirming occult hepatitis B virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Kiely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo R.","family":"Margaritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive R.","family":"Seed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Australian Red Cross Blood Service NAT Study 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