{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:31:06Z","timestamp":1770895866489,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>B<\/jats:styled-content>abesia microti,<\/jats:italic> a transfusion\u2010transmissible intraerythrocytic parasite, is increasing in frequency in the U<\/jats:styled-content>nited S<\/jats:styled-content>tates with no available FDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010licensed donor screening assay. We utilized investigational arrayed fluorescence immunoassay (AFIA<\/jats:styled-content>) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) to detect B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> antibodies and DNA<\/jats:styled-content> in blood donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>AFIA<\/jats:styled-content> and real\u2010time PCR<\/jats:styled-content> were performed on frozen paired EDTA<\/jats:styled-content> plasma (AFIA<\/jats:styled-content>) and EDTA<\/jats:styled-content> whole blood (PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) samples collected from M<\/jats:styled-content>ay to S<\/jats:styled-content>eptember 2010 to 2011 in nonendemic (A<\/jats:styled-content>rizona [AZ<\/jats:styled-content>] and O<\/jats:styled-content>klahoma [OK<\/jats:styled-content>]), moderately endemic (M<\/jats:styled-content>innesota [MN<\/jats:styled-content>] and W<\/jats:styled-content>isconsin [WI<\/jats:styled-content>]), and highly endemic (C<\/jats:styled-content>onnecticut [CT<\/jats:styled-content>] and M<\/jats:styled-content>assachusetts [MA<\/jats:styled-content>]) areas of the U<\/jats:styled-content>nited S<\/jats:styled-content>tates. AFIA<\/jats:styled-content> utilized B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> piroplasm as an antigen substrate; PCR<\/jats:styled-content> primers and probes targeted the B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> 18S<\/jats:styled-content> ribosomal RNA<\/jats:styled-content> gene. Data from AZ<\/jats:styled-content> and OK<\/jats:styled-content> were used to calculate specificity. All AFIA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 or PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive or \u2010inconclusive donors were deferred, notified, and invited to participate in a follow\u2010up study involving repeat testing and a demographic and risk\u2010factor questionnaire. Recipient tracing was performed for any cellular component transfused at index, at subsequent donation, or within the prior 12 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Testing of 13,269 paired samples included 4022 from AZ<\/jats:styled-content> and OK<\/jats:styled-content>, 4167 from MN<\/jats:styled-content> and WI<\/jats:styled-content>, and 5080 from CT<\/jats:styled-content> and MA<\/jats:styled-content>. B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> antibody and\/or DNA<\/jats:styled-content> prevalences were 0.025% (95% confidence interval [CI<\/jats:styled-content>], 0.00%\u20100.14%), 0.12% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.04%\u20100.28%), and 0.75% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.53%\u20101.03%) in the nonendemic, mid\u2010endemic, and high\u2010endemic regions, respectively. Specificities were 99.95% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 99.82%\u201099.99%) at a 1\u2010in\u201064 AFIA<\/jats:styled-content> cutoff and 99.98% (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 99.86%\u2010100.00%) at a 1\u2010in\u2010128 cutoff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> prevalence followed expected geographical patterns. Screening was feasible with a performance comparable or superior to other infectious disease blood donor screening assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T10:28:42Z","timestamp":1401272922000},"page":"2226-2236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Investigational screening for B<\/scp>abesia microti<\/i> in a large repository of blood donor samples from nonendemic and endemic areas of the U<\/scp>nited S<\/scp>tates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Erin D.","family":"Moritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Office American Red Cross Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen S.","family":"Winton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Office American Red Cross Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie T.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Blood Services, Connecticut Region Farmington Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Krysztof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Office American Red Cross Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Office American Red Cross Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Support Office American Red Cross Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division IMUGEN, Inc. 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