{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:14:56Z","timestamp":1790255696584,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL-106286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL-106286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL-13629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL-13629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>HNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103a\u2013specific antibodies can cause severe, sometimes fatal, transfusion\u2010related acute lung injury when present in transfused blood. The HNA<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010a\/b antigens are determined by an R<\/jats:styled-content>154<\/jats:sub>Q<\/jats:styled-content> polymorphism in the first of five extracellular (EC<\/jats:styled-content>) loops of the 10\u2010membrane\u2010spanning choline transporter\u2010like protein 2 (CTL<\/jats:styled-content>2) expressed on neutrophils, lymphocytes, and other tissues. Approximately 50% of HNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103a antibodies (T<\/jats:styled-content>ype 1) can be detected using CTL<\/jats:styled-content>2 L<\/jats:styled-content>oop 1 peptides containing R<\/jats:styled-content>154; the remaining 50% (T<\/jats:styled-content>ype 2) fail to recognize this target. Understanding the basis for this difference could guide efforts to develop practical assays to screen blood donors for HNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103 antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>Reactions of HNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103a antibodies against recombinant versions of human, mouse, and human\/mouse (chimeric) CTL<\/jats:styled-content>2 were characterized using flow cytometry and various solid\u2010phase assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The findings show that, for binding to CTL<\/jats:styled-content>2, T<\/jats:styled-content>ype 2 HNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103a antibodies require nonpolymorphic amino acid residues in the third, and possibly the second, EC<\/jats:styled-content> loops of CTL<\/jats:styled-content>2 to be in a configuration comparable to that found naturally in the cell membrane. In contrast, T<\/jats:styled-content>ype 1 antibodies require only peptides from the first EC<\/jats:styled-content> loop that contain R<\/jats:styled-content>154 for recognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Although T<\/jats:styled-content>ype 1 HNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103a antibodies can readily be detected in solid\u2010phase assays that use a CTL<\/jats:styled-content>2 peptide containing R<\/jats:styled-content>154 as a target, development of a practical test to screen blood donors for T<\/jats:styled-content>ype 2 antibodies will pose a serious technical challenge because of the complex nature of the epitope(s) recognized by this antibody subgroup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1400659044000},"page":"3208-3215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Transfusion\u2010related acute lung injury\u2013associated HNA<\/scp>\u20103a antibodies recognize complex determinants on choline transporter\u2010like protein 2"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Bougie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Research Institute BloodCenter of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Research Institute BloodCenter of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Kanack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Research Institute BloodCenter of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian R.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Platelet Neutrophil Immunology Lab BloodCenter of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Aster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Research Institute BloodCenter of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e32834babdd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1981.21381201817.x-i1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2008.01092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2009.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-370932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.15.1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-405183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Human 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