{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:03:05Z","timestamp":1791266585115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012023","name":"Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>The N<\/jats:styled-content>etherlands experienced major Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever outbreaks from 2007 through 2009. An increasing number of human chronic Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever cases has been reported in the affected area. Blood donors unaware of chronic C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection might be infectious for transfusion recipients. Local blood donations were screened for serologic signs of chronic C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>From A<\/jats:styled-content>ugust 2012 through J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2013, a total of 2490 serum samples were collected from all consenting blood donors in the most affected Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever outbreak area and screened for P<\/jats:styled-content>hase II<\/jats:styled-content> anti\u2010C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella<\/jats:italic> immunoglobulin G<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>). (P<\/jats:styled-content>hase II<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies are considered indicative for resolved or ongoing C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella<\/jats:italic> infection.) Reactive samples were confirmed by quantitative immunofluorescent P<\/jats:styled-content>hase I<\/jats:styled-content> and II<\/jats:styled-content> antibody testing. A P<\/jats:styled-content>hase I<\/jats:styled-content> antibody titer of at least 1024 was considered indicative for chronic C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella<\/jats:italic> infection. For 179 donors archived samples from 2009 and 2010 were available to study the long\u2010term course of C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella<\/jats:italic> antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 110 of 2490 donors were confirmed positive for P<\/jats:styled-content>hase II<\/jats:styled-content>\u2005C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella<\/jats:italic> antibodies (4.4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.7%\u20105.3%), of which 79 were reactive for P<\/jats:styled-content>hase I<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies, with a maximum titer of 256. In 15 of 24 donors (62.5%), testing positive for P<\/jats:styled-content>hase II<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies in 2009 and 2010, ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> reactivity had declined to negativity in 2012 and 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>After large Q<\/jats:styled-content> fever outbreaks in the N<\/jats:styled-content>etherlands, no sign of potentially infectious chronic C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella<\/jats:italic> infection was found among blood donors in the most affected area. Using an ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> for detection, C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella<\/jats:italic> antibodies in previously exposed donors waned quickly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T07:33:19Z","timestamp":1402558399000},"page":"2867-2870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Screening of blood donors for chronic C<\/scp>oxiella burnetii<\/i> infection after large Q<\/scp> fever outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2459-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ed","family":"Slot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Blood\u2010borne Infections and Virology Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris M.","family":"Hogema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Blood\u2010borne Infections and Virology Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Molier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Blood\u2010borne Infections and Virology Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans L.","family":"Zaaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Blood\u2010borne Infections and Virology Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology (CINIMA) Academic Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"19520","article-title":"Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures","volume":"15","author":"Hoek W","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1749-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05724-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1804.111478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"20059","article-title":"Shifting priorities in the aftermath of a Q fever epidemic in 2007 to 2009 in The Netherlands: from acute to chronic infection","volume":"17","author":"Hoek W","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Anonymous.Q\u2010fever transmitted by blood transfusion\u2014United States. CDC public health notes1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Commission of the European Communities.Commission Directive 2004\/33\/EC of 22 March 2004 implementing Directive 2002\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards certain technical requirements for blood and blood components. OJ2004;L91:25\u201039."}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.12749","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.12749","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T19:13:12Z","timestamp":1696187592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.12749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.12749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.12749","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]}}}