{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:31:06Z","timestamp":1770895866014,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]],"date-time":"2014-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008495","name":"Blood Systems Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["10734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008495","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201000047C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201000047C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Transfusion\u2010transmitted babesiosis caused by B<\/jats:styled-content>abesia microti<\/jats:italic> has emerged as a significant risk to the US<\/jats:styled-content> blood supply. This study estimated the prevalence of B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> antibodies in blood donors using an investigational enzyme immunoassay (EIA<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>A peptide\u2010based EIA<\/jats:styled-content> that detects both immunoglobulin (Ig<\/jats:styled-content>)G<\/jats:styled-content> and IgM<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies to B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> was developed and validated. Donor samples randomly selected from areas defined as high\u2010risk endemic, lower\u2010risk endemic, and nonendemic for B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> were deidentified and tested using the investigational EIA<\/jats:styled-content>. Samples that were EIA<\/jats:styled-content> repeat reactive were further tested by B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> immunofluorescent assay (IFA<\/jats:styled-content>), polymerase chain reaction (PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) on red blood cell lysates, and peripheral blood smear examination. A random subset of 1272 samples from high\u2010risk endemic areas was tested by IFA<\/jats:styled-content>, PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, and peripheral blood smear in parallel with EIA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among 15,000 donations tested with the investigational B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic>\u2005EIA<\/jats:styled-content>, EIA<\/jats:styled-content> repeat\u2010reactive rates were 1.08% (54\/5000) in a high\u2010risk endemic area, 0.74% (37\/5000) in a lower\u2010risk area, and 0.40% (20\/5000) in a nonendemic area. After application of a revised cutoff, these values were reduced to 0.92%, (46\/5000), 0.54% (27\/5000), and 0.16% (8\/5000). Overall concordance between EIA<\/jats:styled-content> and IFA<\/jats:styled-content> among donor samples was 99.34%. One seropositive sample was positive by PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The seroprevalence of B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic> in blood donors in a high\u2010risk area measured by an investigational EIA<\/jats:styled-content> was approximately 1%. The EIA<\/jats:styled-content> shows promise as an efficient high\u2010throughput blood donor screening assay for B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009microti<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]],"date-time":"2014-07-04T08:53:27Z","timestamp":1404464007000},"page":"2237-2244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Determination of B<\/scp>abesia microti<\/i> seroprevalence in blood donor populations using an investigational enzyme immunoassay"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunetics, Inc. Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip C.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Creative Testing Solutions Tempe Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Erwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunetics, Inc. Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherri","family":"Cyrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Creative Testing Solutions Tempe Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan M.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Systems Research Institute San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth H.","family":"Shaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Blood Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Blood Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Sam R.","family":"Telford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Wormser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical College Valhalla New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunetics, Inc. 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