{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:04:15Z","timestamp":1784761455474,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,2]],"date-time":"2014-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Medical Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong","award":["A2012580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2012580"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81071348 and 81371801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81071348 and 81371801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project","award":["201302153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201302153"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>ast <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sia, individuals systematically vaccinated at birth to hepatitis\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) are an increasing part of the blood donor population. Their environment presents a high risk of contact with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine efficacy and potential safety risk carried by vaccinated donors were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2028 vaccinated blood donors were recruited in 2012 and 2013 and tested for serologic (hepatitis\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> surface antigen [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBsAg<\/jats:styled-content>], antibody to hepatitis\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> surface antigen [anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBs<\/jats:styled-content>], and antibody to hepatitis\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> core antigen [anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content>]) and molecular (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content>) markers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBsAg<\/jats:styled-content>, anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBs<\/jats:styled-content>, and viral load were quantified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Donors 18 to 21 years systematically vaccinated at birth and 22 to 25 years and older donors had both 30.0% negative serology and 1.8% anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content> only but the latter group carried significantly higher prevalence of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content> (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content>, mostly associated with anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBs<\/jats:styled-content>, increased from 10.7% at age 18 to 31.5% at age 25. The level of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBs<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly higher in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013positive donors than in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013only donors (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Samples from 24 donors contained low viral load (25\u2009\u00b1\u200922\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>), half of them undetected by standard nucleic acid testing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAT<\/jats:styled-content>), and were classified as four recent infections, 17 occult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content>), and three primary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content>s. Eighteen of 24 carried anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBs<\/jats:styled-content>; 14 of 15 strains were wild\u2010type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>enotype <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> and one was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>enotype <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an environment of frequent high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>enotype <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> viremia, blood donors vaccinated at birth are frequently but mildly infected: asymptomatic and normal alanine aminotransferase level, identified by anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBc<\/jats:styled-content> seroconversion and boosting of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBs<\/jats:styled-content>. Low viral load and frequent anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBs<\/jats:styled-content> limit transfusion risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,3]],"date-time":"2014-11-03T04:06:04Z","timestamp":1414987564000},"page":"890-897","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["High prevalence of anti\u2010hepatitis\u2009<scp>B<\/scp> core antigen in hepatitis\u2009<scp>B<\/scp> virus\u2013vaccinated <scp>C<\/scp>hinese blood donors suggests insufficient protection but little threat to the blood supply"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Blood Center  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianlin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Blood Center  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Blood Center  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weigang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Blood Center  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baocheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Blood Center  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Allain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Haematology University of Cambridge  Cambridge United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health China.2006\u20132010 National guidelines for hepatitis B prevention and treatment.2006January 28."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e32834bac10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007644"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00145-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.Suppl_2.S39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83347-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00890.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.24844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.08.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83102-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.11589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12096"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12218"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.12902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.12902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T11:46:32Z","timestamp":1695987992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.12902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.12902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.12902","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,2]]}}}