{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:29:32Z","timestamp":1791894572649,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> autoantibodies are among the most frequently detected autoantibodies and have traditionally been associated with S<\/jats:styled-content>j\u00f6gren's syndrome (SjS<\/jats:styled-content>) and systemic lupus erythematosus. The unexpected finding of anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID<\/jats:styled-content>) treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG<\/jats:styled-content>), who developed discoid lupus erythematosus, prompted us to investigate the presence of anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies in IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> preparations. Since anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies may be present in apparently healthy individuals without overt autoimmune features, IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> preparations may also contain anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> consists of polyclonal immunoglobulin\u2009G<\/jats:styled-content> isolated from the plasma of more than 1000 blood donors. Several IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> batches from different suppliers and serum samples of patients receiving these IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> products were tested for the presence of anti\u2010nuclear antibodies (ANAs<\/jats:styled-content>) and extractable nuclear antibodies (ENAs<\/jats:styled-content>). In addition, we tested several plasma pools for the presence of anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> and subsequent serum samples of individual donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Several CVID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010patients receiving IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> tested positive for ANA<\/jats:styled-content> and anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content>. The IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> products administered also contained clearly detectable concentrations of these antibodies. The frequency of apparently healthy blood donors with anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> positivity was 0.69% and one of 1894 donors (0.05%) showed a very high titer of anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> of more than 10,000\u2009U<\/jats:styled-content>\/mL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Anti\u2010SSA<\/jats:styled-content> is present in IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> products and in blood donors without clinical symptoms. IVIG<\/jats:styled-content> replacement can interfere with ANA<\/jats:styled-content> and ENA<\/jats:styled-content> serology by passive transfer of autoantibodies. We hypothesize that such autoantibodies may be causally related to disease manifestations in some recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T08:35:18Z","timestamp":1415867718000},"page":"832-837","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Anti\u2010SSA<\/scp> antibodies are present in immunoglobulin preparations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3113-6587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renate G.","family":"van der Molen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Laboratory for Medical Immunology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f6rte","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology and Blood Coagulation Sanquin Diagnostic Services 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Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul F.W.","family":"Strengers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos W.M.","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(95)80004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00316-1","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies in Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Chan EK","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North 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