{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:49:06Z","timestamp":1788871746568,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6pt2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HL070769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HL070769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL68959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL68959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Alloimmunization remains a significant complication of transfusion and has been associated with multiple factors, including inflammation, an important pathophysiologic mechanism in sickle cell disease (\n SCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). We explored whether alloimmunization is associated with disease severity in\n SCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Adult\n SCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients were enrolled in a study of outcome\u2010modifying genes in\n SCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Historical records of patients with\n SCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n at two participating institutions were reviewed for data on antigen phenotype and alloimmunization. Differences in demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings; end\u2010organ damage; and overall disease severity were then compared between alloimmunized and nonalloimmunized patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 319 patients, 87 (27%) were alloimmunized. Alloantibody specificities differed from those previously described, especially due to the significantly higher frequency of anti\u2010\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Although alloimmunization was not associated with frequency of vasoocclusive episodes, a higher percentage of alloimmunized patients had chronic pain, as defined by daily use of short\u2010acting narcotics (p\u2009=\u20090.006), long\u2010acting narcotics (p\u2009=\u20090.013), or both (p\u2009=\u20090.03). Additionally, alloimmunized patients had poorer survival (hazard ratio, 1.92; p\u2009=\u20090.01) and were more likely to have avascular necrosis (p\u2009=\u20090.024), end\u2010organ damage (p\u2009=\u20090.049), and red blood cell autoantibodies (p\u2009<\u20090.001), even after controlling for the effects of age, sex, and hemoglobin diagnosis. Alloimmunization was not associated with other\n SCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related complications, such as acute chest syndrome or stroke.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Alloimmunization in\n SCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n may be associated with chronic pain, risk of end\u2010organ damage, and shorter survival. These novel findings suggest new directions for the investigation of immune response\u2013mediated pathways common to alloimmunization and chronic pain.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T08:13:04Z","timestamp":1417421584000},"page":"1378-1387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Alloimmunization in sickle cell disease: changing antibody specificities and association with chronic pain and decreased survival"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Marilyn J.","family":"Telen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araba","family":"Afenyi\u2010Annan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie E.","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha R.","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Service Duke Hospital Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene P.","family":"Orringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology & Oncology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison E.","family":"Ashley\u2010Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0037-1963(01)90025-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05425.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006073222301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37497265337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0041-1132.2004.00658.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0041-1132.2003.00589.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.7.1431.1431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199607)52:3<197::AID-AJH11>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.166.3911.1365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.2.776.bloodjournal862776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2005000500004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(86)90136-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e328313695e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.57.6.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018755831101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03796.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-490623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1075.92333"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2011.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000220335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1490"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.12940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.12940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T11:21:52Z","timestamp":1694604112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.12940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6pt2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.12940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.12940","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}