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Existing in vitro data for the two technologies under development for producing PI\u2010RBCs and the status of current clinical trials are reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minimum and maximum per\u2010unit risk were calculated as 0.0003% (1 in 323,000) and 0.12% (1 in 831), respectively. The minimum estimate is for known lower\u2010risk pathogens while the maximal estimate also includes an emerging infectious agent (EIA) and endemic area <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> risk. Minimum and maximum per\u2010patient lifetime risks by diagnosis grouping were estimated as 1.5 and 3.3%, respectively, for stem cell transplantation (which includes additional risk for cytomegalovirus transmission); 1.2 and 3.7%, respectively, for myelodysplastic syndrome; and 0.2 and 44%, respectively, for hemoglobinopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is potential for PI technologies to reduce infectious RBC risk and to provide additional benefits (e.g., prevention of transfusion\u2010associated graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease and possible reduction of alloimmunization) due to white blood cell inactivation. PI\u2010RBCs should be viewed in the context of having a fully PI\u2010treated blood supply, enabling a blood safety paradigm shift from reactive to proactive. Providing insurance against new EIAs. Further, when approved, the use of PI for all components may catalyze operational changes in blood donor screening, laboratory testing, and component manufacturing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]],"date-time":"2015-08-25T05:45:20Z","timestamp":1440481520000},"page":"2983-3000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Risks associated with red blood cell transfusions: potential benefits from application of pathogen inactivation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Kleinman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adonis","family":"Stassinopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Scientific Affairs Cerus Corporation Concord California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"WhitakerB HinkinsS.The 2011 national blood collection and utilization survey report [Internet]. 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