{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T09:27:47Z","timestamp":1780824467154,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transfusion of plasma from recovered patients after <jats:italic>Ebolavirus<\/jats:italic> (EBOV) infection, typically called \u201cconvalescent plasma,\u201d is an effective treatment for active disease available in endemic areas, but carries the risk of introducing other pathogens, including other strains of EBOV. A pathogen reduction technology using ultraviolet light and riboflavin (UV+RB) is effective against multiple enveloped, negative\u2010sense, single\u2010stranded RNA viruses that are similar in structure to EBOV. We hypothesized that UV+RB is effective against EBOV in blood products without activating complement or reducing protective immunoglobulin titers that are important for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of UV+RB on green fluorescent protein EBOV (EBOV\u2010GFP), wild\u2010type EBOV in serum, and whole blood, respectively, and on immunoglobulins and complement in plasma. Initial titers for Experiments 1 to 3 were 4.21 log GFP units\/mL, 4.96 log infectious units\/mL, and 4.23 log plaque\u2010forming units\/mL. Conditions tested in the first three experiments included the following: 1\u2014EBOV\u2010GFP plus UV+RB; 2\u2014EBOV\u2010GFP plus RB only; 3\u2014EBOV\u2010GFP plus UV only; 4\u2014EBOV\u2010GFP without RB or UV; 5\u2014virus\u2010free control plus UV only; and 6\u2014virus\u2010free control without RB or UV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>UV+RB reduced EBOV titers to nondetectable levels in both nonhuman primate serum (\u22652.8\u2010 to 3.2\u2010log reduction) and human whole blood (\u22653.0\u2010log reduction) without decreasing protective antibody titers in human plasma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our in vitro results demonstrate that the UV+RB treatment efficiently reduces EBOV titers to below limits of detection in both serum and whole blood. In vivo testing to determine whether UV+RB can improve convalescent blood product safety is indicated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T10:24:45Z","timestamp":1458642285000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Treatment of blood with a pathogen reduction technology using ultraviolet light and riboflavin inactivates <scp>E<\/scp>bola virus in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Cap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coagulation and Blood Research United States Army Institute of Surgical Research JBSA Fort Sam Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather F.","family":"Pidcoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coagulation and Blood Research United States Army Institute of Surgical Research JBSA Fort Sam Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn D.","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terumo BCT Lakewood Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary M.","family":"Staples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Anantpadma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Ricardo","family":"Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Frazer\u2010Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complement Laboratory National Jewish Laboratory Denver Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audra L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Blood Program JBSA Fort Sam Houston  Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terumo BCT Lakewood Colorado"},{"name":"United States Army Blood Program JBSA Fort Sam Houston  Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean L.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond P.","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terumo BCT Lakewood Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Factsheet. World Health Organization fact sheet [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 [cited2015Apr 3]. Available from:http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/en\/about-ebola\/ebola-factsheet."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"WHO. World Health Organization Fact Sheet #103 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization;2015[cited 2015 Apr 3]. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs103\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1414992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"WHO. Use of convalescent whole blood or plasma collected from patients recovered from Ebola virus disease [Internet]. WHO reference number: WHO\/HIS\/SDS\/2014.8. Geneva: World Health Organization;2014[cited 2015 Dec 26]. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/ebola\/convalescent-treatment\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03797.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijch.198300061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"536","article-title":"The utility of pathogen inactivation technology: a real\u2010life example of Leishmania infantum inactivation in platelets from a donor with an asymptomatic infection","volume":"10","author":"Jimenez\u2010Marco T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2005.00736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03717.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02126.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":".","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic immunology laboratory manual","author":"Harbeck R","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-2791(65)90004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(76)90184-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(76)90235-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(76)90234-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553008314550721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(79)90207-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/333078a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.41.3.965-973.1982","article-title":"UV irradiation analysis of complementation between, and replication of, RNA\u2010negative temperature\u2010sensitive mutants of Newcastle disease virus","volume":"41","author":"Peeples ME","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Selective photoinduced flavin\u2010dependent cleavage of RNA at G\u2010U base pairs and kits therefor","author":"Famulok M","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81199-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112288"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.13393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.13393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T15:53:10Z","timestamp":1694620390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.13393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.13393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.13393","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}