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Our hypothesis is that genetic polymorphisms are associated with RBC alloimmunization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the possible association of susceptibility to RBC alloimmunization with polymorphisms of HLA and cytokines genes in 161 SCD patients prior exposed to RBC transfusion. Cytokine gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and TaqMan assays. HLA Class I genotyping was performed using PCR\u2010specific sequence of oligonucleotides. Polymorphism frequencies were compared using the Fisher's exact test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results revealed increased percentage of the A allele and the GA genotype of the <jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic> \u2212308G\/A cytokine among alloimmunized patients when compared to nonalloimmunized patients (A allele, 16.4% vs. 6.8%, p <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 0.004; GA genotype, 32.8% vs. 11.7%, p <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 0.0021). In addition, the <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic> \u2212511T allele and the <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic> \u2212511TT and CT genotype frequencies were overrepresented among alloimmunized patients (T allele, 53.0% vs. 37.5%, p\u2009=\u20090.0085; CT\u2009+\u2009TT genotypes, 81.82% vs. 60.87%, p <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 0.0071). In relation to HLA Class I, we found a higher frequency of <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1*15<\/jats:italic> among patients alloimmunized to Rh antigens when compared to nonalloimmunized patients (15.63% vs. 6.98%, p <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 0.044).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brazilian SCD patients with the <jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL1B,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphisms were at increased risk of becoming alloimmunized by RBC transfusions. These findings may contribute to the development of future therapeutic strategies for patients with SCD with higher susceptibility of alloimmunization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T03:02:39Z","timestamp":1479783759000},"page":"379-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Red blood cell alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease: correlation with HLA and cytokine gene polymorphisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Emilia \u00c2ngela","family":"Sippert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Center State University of Campinas, UNICAMP Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeane Eliete Laguila","family":"Visentainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Health Sciences Department State University of Maringa Maring\u00e1 Paran\u00e1 Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo Vicentin","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Health Sciences Department State University of Maringa Maring\u00e1 Paran\u00e1 Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Health Sciences Department State University of Maringa Maring\u00e1 Paran\u00e1 Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone Cristina Olenscki","family":"Gilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Center State University of Campinas, UNICAMP Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Addas\u2010Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Center State University of Campinas, UNICAMP Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Teresinha Ollala","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Center State University of Campinas, UNICAMP Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Ferreira","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Center State University of Campinas, UNICAMP Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Hemotherapy Center State University of Campinas, UNICAMP Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo 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