{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:11:45Z","timestamp":1790194305648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3pt2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]],"date-time":"2016-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas has also raised concerns around the potential for ZIKV transmission via blood products. Plasma\u2010derived products are considered safe, because effective viral\u2010inactivation and removal methods are implemented in their manufacturing processes. However, a recent study has indicated that ZIKV is \u201cthermally stable\u201d compared with the closely related Dengue virus, thus raising the question of whether heat treatments, as embedded in the manufacturing of plasma\u2010derived products, are as effective against ZIKV as was previously shown for other Flaviviruses. Therefore, the sensitivity of ZIKV to heat inactivation was investigated using the pasteurization of human serum albumin (HSA) as an example.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heat treatment (58.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u00b0C for 590\u2009\u00b1\u200910 minutes) of HSA was investigated for the capacity to reduce ZIKV in two different protein concentrations (5% and 25% HSA). The results were compared with data obtained in identical set\u2010ups for the closely related West Nile virus, tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heat treatment of HSA inactivated ZIKV to below the limit of detection already during the heating phase to 57.0\u00b0C, that is, even before the 10\u2010hour incubation at 58.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u00b0C commenced. For West Nile virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus, incubations up to 180 minutes were required to achieve inactivation to below the limit of detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>ZIKV was more sensitive to heat treatment than other members of the <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic> and thus does not pose a concern for plasma products that include a heat treatment in their manufacturing process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]],"date-time":"2016-12-17T17:31:13Z","timestamp":1481995873000},"page":"797-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<scp>Z<\/scp>ika virus is not thermostable: very effective virus inactivation during heat treatment (pasteurization) of human serum albumin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Farcet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Pathogen Safety, Shire (previously Baxalta) Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Kreil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Pathogen Safety, Shire (previously Baxalta) Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00252-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.14.20761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0708673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment. Zika virus disease epidemic: potential association with microcephaly and Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Fourth update 9 March 2016 [Internet]. Stockholm: ECDC;2016[cited 2016 Sep 05]. Available from:http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/Publications\/zika-virus-rapid-risk-assessment-9-march-2016.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"USFood and Drug Administration. Recommendations for donor screening deferral and product management to reduce the risk of transfusion\u2010transmission of Zika virus; guidance for industry. Silver Spring (MD): US Food and Drug Administration; February2016[cited 2016 Sep 05]. Available from:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/BiologicsBloodVaccines\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/Blood\/UCM486360.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2004.00530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf5316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"AABB SmartBrief. Zika virus structure remains stable in elevated heat. April 27 2016. [cited 2016 Nov 28]. 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