{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:32:29Z","timestamp":1789205549682,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,5]],"date-time":"2017-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variant Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease (vCJD) has been transmitted by blood transfusion (TTvCJD). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends deferring blood donors who resided in or traveled to 30 European countries where they may have been exposed to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) through beef consumption. Those recommendations warrant re\u2010evaluation, because new cases of BSE and vCJD have markedly abated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FDA developed a risk\u2010ranking model to calculate the geographic vCJD risk using country\u2010specific case rates and person\u2010years of exposure of US blood donors. We used the reported country vCJD case rates, when available, or imputed vCJD case rates from reported BSE and UK beef exports during the risk period. We estimated the risk reduction and donor loss should the deferral be restricted to a few high\u2010risk countries. We also estimated additional risk reduction by leukocyte reduction (LR) of red blood cells (RBCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The United Kingdom, Ireland, and France had the greatest vCJD risk, contributing approximately 95% of the total risk. The model estimated that deferring US donors who spent extended periods of time in these three countries, combined with currently voluntary LR (95% of RBC units), would reduce the vCJD risk by 89.3%, a reduction similar to that achieved under the current policy (89.8%). Limiting deferrals to exposure in these three countries would potentially allow donations from an additional 100,000 donors who are currently deferred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analysis suggests that a deferral option focusing on the three highest risk countries would achieve a level of blood safety similar to that achieved by the current policy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T04:12:45Z","timestamp":1488773565000},"page":"924-932","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Geographic exposure risk of variant Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease in US blood donors: a risk\u2010ranking model to evaluate alternative donor\u2010deferral policies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Forshee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2006.00833.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16811-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15486-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2009.02181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee (TSEAC) 20th Meeting","author":"Williams A.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12637"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Summary results of the third national survey of abnormal prion prevalence in archived appendix specimens","volume":"10","author":"Public Health England","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Prot Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Updated position statement on occurrence of vCJD and prevalence of infection in the UK","author":"UK Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP) TSE Subgroup","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee (TSEAC) 24th Meeting","author":"US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee (TSEAC) 25th Meeting","author":"US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"A semi\u2010quantitative risk assessment tool","author":"McNab B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2008.01042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2009.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","article-title":"Scientific opinion on the development of a risk ranking framework on biological hazards","volume":"10","author":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ)","year":"2012","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Quantitative assessment of relative risk to public health from foodborne listeria monocytogenes among selected categories of ready\u2010to\u2010eat foods","author":"US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"Comparative risk ranking of the health, ecological, and welfare effects of twenty\u2010seven environmental problem areas: overview report","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"Letter report on the development of a model for ranking FDA product categories on the basis of health risks","author":"National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Ranking FDA Product Categories Based on Health Consequences","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Variant CJD cases worldwide [monograph on the internet]","author":"The University of Edinburgh","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Population by age, sex and urban\/rural residence. [monograph on the internet]","author":"UNdata","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Population, total","author":"The World Bank","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"FDA Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee (TSEAC) 23rd Meeting","author":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2105.142017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","volume-title":"World Organisation for Animal Health. Number of cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) reported in the United Kingdom [monograph on the internet]","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"Eurostat.Your key to European statistics [monograph on the internet]. European Commission [cited 2015 Apr 6]. Available from:http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/newxtweb\/submitdimselect.do."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division (FAOSTAT) [monograph on the internet].Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division[cited 2014 Dec 31]. Available from:http:\/\/faostat3.fao.org\/home\/E."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","volume-title":"Number of reported cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in farmed cattle worldwide [monograph on the internet]","author":"World Organization for Animal Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","volume-title":"Yearbook of Tourism Statistics","author":"United Nations World Tourism Organization","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","volume-title":"Yearbook of immigration statistics","author":"US Department of Homeland Security, International Trade Administration, Office of Yearbook of Immigration Statistics","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","volume-title":"Profile of US resident travelers visiting overseas destinations: 2013 outbound","author":"National Travel and Tourism Office, International Department of Commerce, US Department of Commerce","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","volume-title":"Presented at: US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee Meeting","author":"Watanabe K.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16812-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","volume-title":"AABB technical manual","author":"Roback J","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01805-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","volume-title":"Statistical data set: livestock numbers in England and the UK [monograph on the internet]","author":"UK Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"Regulation (EC) no. 999\/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May2001.Rules for the prevention control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies(OJ L 147 31.52001 pp1\u201040)."}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.13971","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.13971","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T09:52:00Z","timestamp":1695549120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.13971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.13971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.13971","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,5]]}}}