{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:45:58Z","timestamp":1792428358791,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3pt2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,5]],"date-time":"2017-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transfusion\u2010transmitted West Nile virus (WNV) infection is infrequent as a result of minipool (MP) and individual\u2010donation (ID) nucleic acid testing (NAT) of blood donations. ID\u2010NAT is triggered on the basis of local WNV activity identified by MP\u2010NAT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 78\u2010year\u2010old male patient who was treated for cardiac disease received 14 blood components from 30 donors in August 2016. He was discharged 7 days after aortic valve replacement and coronary bypass surgery, but was re\u2010admitted on Day 12 with symptoms of viral infection, and eventually was diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. The patent died on Day 51.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient was positive for WNV\u2010immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in his cerebrospinal fluid on Day 14 and was positive for WNV\u2010IgM (on Days 14 and 16) and WNV\u2010IgG antibodies (on Day 16) in his serum. All associated donations were nonreactive by MP\u2010NAT or ID\u2010NAT. However, one MP\u2010NAT was noted to have an elevated (but negative) signal\u2010to\u2010cutoff ratio, and one donor from that MP was subsequently found positive for WNV\u2010IgM and IgG antibodies; the donor was diagnosed with a WNV\u2010like viral syndrome that had an onset 3 to 5 days postdonation. The donor's plasma was transfused 12 days before the patient's onset of WNV\u2010meningoencephalitis. Conversion to ID\u2010NAT was triggered for the region 7 days after the implicated donation, which was associated with the region's first human WNV case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the possibility of mosquito\u2010borne transmission, this was considered to be a case of transfusion\u2010transmitted WNV infection from an MP\u2010NAT\u2013nonreactive donation collected just before triggering conversion to ID\u2010NAT; a rare event recognized once in 84 million donations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T03:16:47Z","timestamp":1486351007000},"page":"850-856","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A probable case of <scp>W<\/scp>est <scp>N<\/scp>ile virus transfusion transmission"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Jamel A.","family":"Groves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Scientific Affairs Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedyeh","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Kaiser Permanente"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim H.","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross M.","family":"Herron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Western Division Pomona California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devin","family":"Baez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Donor Client Support Center Charlotte North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger Y.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Scientific Affairs Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Stramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Scientific Affairs Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ArboNET. West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to CDC by year and clinical presentation 1999\u20102015 [cited 2016 Nov 7]. Available from:http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/westnile\/resources\/pdfs\/data\/1-wnv-disease-cases-by-year_1999-2015_07072016.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6434a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.140858"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.8041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030969"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry. Use of nucleic acid tests to reduce the risk of transmission of West Nile virus from donors of whole blood and blood components intended for transfusion.2009[cited 2016 Nov 11]. Available from:http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/BiologicsBloodVaccines\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/Blood\/UCM189464.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"StramerSL MarkowitzMA.Association Bulletin 13\u201002: West Nile virus nucleic acid testing: revised recommendations.2013[cited 2016 Nov 22]. Available from:www.aabb.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Update: West Nile virus screening of blood donations and transfusion\u2010associated transmission\u2014United States, 2003","volume":"53","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"West Nile virus transmission through blood transfusion\u2014South Dakota, 2006","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"622","article-title":"Fatal West Nile virus infection after probable transfusion\u2010associated transmission\u2014 Colorado 2012","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0041-1132.2004.04130.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.01030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-335901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health Vector\u2010Borne Disease Section (Infectious Diseases Branch): California Arbovirus Surveillance Bulletin 17.2016[cited 2016 Nov 2]. Available from:http:\/\/www.westnile.ca.gov\/reports.php?report_category_id=6."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp038138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02112.x"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.14018","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.14018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T17:35:47Z","timestamp":1694626547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.14018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3pt2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.14018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.14018","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,5]]}}}