{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:06:56Z","timestamp":1784257616992,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PF\/10\/018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PF\/10\/018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Separate transmission networks for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coexist. Molecular typing of viral genomes can provide insight in HIV transmission routes in donors for whom risk behavior\u2013based donor selection failed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study includes all HIV\u2010infected Dutch and Flemish donors in the period 2005 to 2014 (n\u2009=\u200955). Part of the HIV polymerase <jats:italic>(pol)<\/jats:italic> gene was amplified, sequenced, and compared with more than 10,000 HIV strains obtained from HIV\u2010infected Dutch and Flemish patients. The most likely transmission route was determined based on HIV phylogeny and the donor's self\u2010reported risk behavior during the exit interview.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010infected donors were predominantly male (69%), were repeat donors (73%), were born in the Netherlands or Belgium (95%), and harbored HIV Subtype B (68%). Seventy\u2010five percent of HIV\u2010infected male donors were part of robust phylogenetic clusters linked to male\u2010to\u2010male sex, while only 24% of HIV\u2010infected male donors reported male\u2010to\u2010male sex during posttest counseling. Sex between men and women accounted for 13% of HIV infections in male donors and 93% of HIV infections in female donors based on phylogenetic analysis. Only 40% of HIV\u2010infected female donors had HIV Subtype B; 65% of female donors reported a foreign partner and indeed HIV sequences interspersed with sequences from HIV\u2010endemic areas abroad, in particular sub\u2010Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV typing helps to understand HIV transmission routes in donor populations. We found substantial underreporting of male\u2010to\u2010male sex among HIV\u2010infected male donors. Donor education on HIV risk factors and the danger of window\u2010period donations and a donor environment that encourages frank disclosure of sexual behavior will contribute to a decrease of HIV\u2010infected donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T17:04:42Z","timestamp":1491411882000},"page":"1235-1247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Phylogenetic evidence for underreporting of male\u2010to\u2010male sex among human immunodeficiency virus\u2013infected donors in the Netherlands and Flanders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Thijs J.","family":"van de Laar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood\u2010borne Infections Sanquin Research Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bezemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristel","family":"van Laethem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven\u2013Leuven University Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"AIDS Reference Laboratory University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovani","family":"Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"de Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"van Wijngaerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Reference Center, University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven\u2013Leuven University Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Claas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology MC Slotervaart Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ard I.","family":"van Sighem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Mieke","family":"Vandamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven\u2013Leuven University Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine Microbiology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University Nova de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Compernolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans L.","family":"Zaaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood\u2010borne Infections Sanquin Research Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology (CINIMA) Academic Medical Center\/University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-200209000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2015.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2009.00969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12554"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Supplementary data tables and figures: 2015 [Internet]. 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