{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T03:45:11Z","timestamp":1781840711722,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,26]],"date-time":"2017-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000014","name":"Canadian Blood Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canadian Blood Services screens 100% of platelet concentrates (PCs) for bacterial contamination with the BacT\/ALERT system. Quality\u2010control sterility testing of 1% (\u226510 units) of outdated PCs is performed monthly. Data from routine screening, quality\u2010control testing, and septic reactions obtained from 2010 to 2016 are presented herein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 601,988 buffy coat PC pools and 186,737 apheresis PCs were routinely screened with aerobic cultures over 6 years. Outdate quality\u2010control testing of 8535 buffy coat and 8498 apheresis PCs was performed using aerobic and anaerobic cultures during the same period. Results were classified as \u201ctrue\u2010positives\u201d when the same bacterium was isolated in initial and confirmatory cultures or \u201cfalse\u2010negatives\u201d when bacteria were missed in early screening and were captured during quality\u2010control sterility testing or through investigation of sepsis cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>During routine screening, the true\u2010positive rates between buffy coat (0.94 per 10,000) and apheresis (0.96 per 10,000) PCs were similar (p\u2009=\u20090.9473). Seventy\u2010five bacteria isolated during PC screening included Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative organisms. Six false\u2010negative septic reactions were reported that implicated coagulase\u2010negative staphylococci (n\u2009=\u20093) and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u20093) for approximate rates of 1 per 100,000 transfusion reactions and 1 per 500,000 fatalities. During quality\u2010control testing, the false\u2010negative rates between buffy coat (8 per 10,000) and apheresis (9 per 10,000) PCs were similar (p\u2009=\u20090.7897). All 15 quality\u2010control isolates were Gram\u2010positive bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current bacterial screening protocol is efficacious for identifying Gram\u2010negative bacteria. However, the high proportion of Gram\u2010positive organisms detected on outdate quality\u2010control testing and septic transfusion events demonstrates a residual safety risk that merits further intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]],"date-time":"2017-06-27T03:43:00Z","timestamp":1498534980000},"page":"2174-2181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Residual risk of bacterial contamination of platelets: six years of experience with sterility testing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ramirez\u2010Arcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services Ottawa Ontario Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caesar","family":"DiFranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services Ottawa Ontario Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services Ottawa Ontario Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindy","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services Ottawa Ontario Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Fatalities reported to FDA following blood collection and transfusion. Annual summary for Fiscal Year 2015 [cited 2017 Jan 11]. 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