{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T21:10:12Z","timestamp":1768511412140,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood safety and transfusion\u2010transmitted infections (TTIs) are a major concern in low\u2010resource areas. Laboratory screening of donors, a key contributor to blood safety, is usually done by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, which use expensive reagents and necessitate complex instruments and sophisticated laboratory staff. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are less expensive and easier to perform but have less sensitivity. Pathogen reduction technology (PRT) reduces transfusion transmission of malaria and may be effective in decreasing other TTIs. We explored the potential to improve blood safety by combining PRT and RDTs in comparison with current ELISA testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified the sensitivity of RDTs available in Uganda and the sensitivity of currently used ELISA. Data from a riboflavin\u2010and\u2010UV\u2013based photochemical treatment PRT were used. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis\u00a0B virus (HBV), hepatitis\u00a0C virus (HCV), and malaria were studied. Probability models were developed for estimation of the number of infectious units of blood for each of these four infections using either current ELISA or the combination of RDT and PRT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to currently used ELISA, the combination of RDTs and PRT could reduce the rate of infectious units by 100, 20, 98, and 83% for HIV, HBV, HCV, and malaria, respectively, and would prevent use of 758 units of infectious blood per 10,000 units transfused.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of RDTs and PRT may improve blood safety in low\u2010resource areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T04:32:49Z","timestamp":1517891569000},"page":"854-861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pathogen reduction combined with rapid diagnostic tests to reduce the risk of transfusion\u2010transmitted infections in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Elissa K.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"McCullough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Blood safety and availability: fact sheet[Internet].Geneva:World Health Organization.2017[cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs279\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Global status report on blood safety and availability 2016[Internet].>Geneva:World Health Organization.2017[cited 2017 Oct 12]. Available from:http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/254987\/1\/9789241565431-eng.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01752.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.002402.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01539.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2007.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01512.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2012.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00581-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"The HIV and AIDS Uganda Country Progress Report 2014[Internet].Kampala:UNAIDS;2015[cited 2016 Aug 22]. Available from:http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/UGA_narrative_report_2015.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"TapkoJB ToureB SamboLG.Status of blood safety in the WHO African region: report of the 2010 survey.Brazzaville:World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa;2014[cited 2016 Aug 20]. Available from:http:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2017-06\/status-of-blood-safety-in-the-who-african-region.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Architect system: HBsAg[Internet].Abbott Park (IL):Abbott Diagnostics Division;2008[cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from:http:\/\/www.ilexmedical.com\/files\/PDF\/HBsAg_ARC.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01856-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"Alere Determine\u2122 HIV\u20101\/2 Ag\/Ab Combo[Internet].Orlando (FL):Alere North America Inc.2012[cited 2015 Mar 21]. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/BiologicsBloodVaccines\/BloodBloodProducts\/ApprovedProducts\/PremarketApprovalsPMAs\/UCM364698.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","unstructured":"Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance. Summary results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: Round 1\u20105 (2008\u20102013)[Internet].Geneva:World Health Organization;2014[cited 2015 Nov 11]. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/atoz\/9789241507554-summary_eng.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708559104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5386.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"The risk of malaria transmission by blood transfusion at Cotonou, Benin]","volume":"10","author":"Kinde\u2010Gazard J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sant\u00e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.04390.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3110-3114.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03797.x"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.14497","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.14497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T06:37:34Z","timestamp":1695537454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.14497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.14497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.14497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]}}}