{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T07:46:48Z","timestamp":1721548008958},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H25\u2010ippan\u2010008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H25\u2010ippan\u2010008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human babesiosis is caused mainly by <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic> and has recently become a public health concern due to an increase in transfusion\u2010transmitted infection. Thus, the development of an antibody detection method with high specificity and sensitivity is a priority. Seroreactivity against <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> has been reported to be highly specific not only to <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> lineages but also to sublineages. This study aimed to elucidate the human antibody reactivity against various lineages, including US, Kobe, and Hobetsu, and sublineages (North America and East Asia) in the US lineage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty samples obtained from individuals infected with <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> in the United States were tested for the presence of anti\u2010<jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting (WB) to indicate antigens of each (sub\u2010)lineage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>By IFA, 20 samples showed reactivity to the North America sublineage (titer range, 64\u20104096), 16 to the East Asia sublineage (64\u2010512), 10 to the Kobe (64\u2010128), and five to the Hobetsu (64). Antibody titers to the East Asia sublineage, Kobe, and Hobetsu were significantly lower than those to the North America sublineage (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). By WB, in parallel with the IFA results, 18 samples showed strong reactions to the North America sublineage, weak reactions to the East Asia sublineage, and near\u2010zero reactions to the Kobe and Hobetsu.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human antibodies induced by <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> infection are highly specific against <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> lineages and sublineages with low cross\u2010reactivity. Developing a precise antibody detection method may require specific antigens based on <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> lineages and sublineages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]],"date-time":"2018-03-10T04:06:40Z","timestamp":1520654800000},"page":"1234-1244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of antigen\u2010antibody cross\u2010reactivity among lineages and sublineages of <i>Babesia microti<\/i> parasites using human babesiosis specimens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Sayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Virology I National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo 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