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Variation was mapped in blood donors from Lampang (northern region) and Saraburi (central region), Thailand, where malaria is endemic. The previously unknown blood group allele profiles were characterized and the data were correlated with phenotypes. The high incidence of the Vel\u2010negative phenotype previously reported in Thais was investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>DNA from 396 blood donors was analyzed by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization\u2013time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry. Outliers were investigated by serology and DNA sequencing. Allele discrimination assays for <jats:italic>SMIM1<\/jats:italic> rs1175550A\/G and <jats:italic>ACKR1<\/jats:italic> rs118062001C\/T were performed and correlated with antigen expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>All samples were phenotyped for Rh, MNS, and K. Genotyping\/phenotyping for RhD, K, and S\/s showed 100% concordance. Investigation of three <jats:italic>RHCE<\/jats:italic> outliers revealed an e\u2010variant antigen encoded by <jats:italic>RHCE*02.22<\/jats:italic>. Screening for rs147357308 (<jats:italic>RHCE<\/jats:italic> c.667T) revealed a frequency of 3.3%. MN typing discrepancies in 41 samples revealed glycophorin variants, of which 40 of 41 were due to Mi<jats:sup>a<\/jats:sup>. Nine samples (2.3%) were heterozygous for <jats:italic>FY*01W.01<\/jats:italic> (c.265C\u2009&gt;\u2009T), and six samples (1.5%) were heterozygous for <jats:italic>JK*02N.01<\/jats:italic>. All samples were wildtype <jats:italic>SMIM1<\/jats:italic> homozygotes with 97% homozygosity for rs1175550A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization\u2013time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry is an efficient method for rapid routine genotyping and investigation of outliers identified novel variation among our samples. The expected high prevalence of the Mi(a+) phenotype was observed from both regions. Of potential clinical relevance in a region where transfusion\u2010dependent thalassemia is common, we identified two <jats:italic>RHCE*02<\/jats:italic> alleles known to encode an e\u2010variant antigen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]],"date-time":"2018-04-15T20:51:43Z","timestamp":1523825503000},"page":"1752-1762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry analysis of 36 blood group alleles among 396 <scp>T<\/scp>hai samples reveals region\u2010specific variants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Philaiphon","family":"Jongruamklang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Gassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics &amp; Research (MOC), Blood Transfusion Service Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich\u2010Schlieren Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics &amp; Research (MOC), Blood Transfusion Service Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich\u2010Schlieren Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aksarakorn","family":"Kummasook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao Phayao Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Darlison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayanun","family":"Boonlum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Laboratory Saraburi Hospital Saraburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surin","family":"Chanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Laboratory Lampang Hospital Lampang Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beat M.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics &amp; Research (MOC), Blood Transfusion Service Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich\u2010Schlieren Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory 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