{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:13:26Z","timestamp":1782274406272,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies in developed countries have demonstrated high levels of iron deficiency (ID) among blood donors. There is a paucity of data for developing countries where blood shortages remain a major concern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 4412 donors were enrolled in the study. Specimens were collected for full blood count, iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin assessment. Donor demographics were recorded. ID was indicated by a ferritin level of less than 20 ng\/mL for men and less than 12 ng\/mL for women. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels less than 12.5 g\/dL. Regression models for predictors of ID were developed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 17.5% of all donors had ID, with 16.3% prevalence in women and 18.6% in men. Low hemoglobin had the highest association with ID (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 11.078; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.915\u201315.505); male donors had twice the odds of ID compared to female donors (AOR, 2.501; 95% CI, 1.964\u20133.185), while increasing age was associated with lower odds (AOD, 0.965; 95% CI, 0.956\u20130.975). Among male donors, an interdonation interval of less than 3 months (AOR, 2.679; 95% CI, 1.929\u20133.720) was associated with ID. Compared to other females combined, colored female donors (AOR, 2.335; 95% CI, 1.310\u20134.160) had higher odds and black female donors (AOR, 0.559; 95% CI, 0.369\u20130.845) lower odds of ID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>ID is common among South African donors; low hemoglobin, gender, ethnicity, and past donation history is independently associated with ID. Recommendations aimed at protecting donor health may increase blood shortages in South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T13:13:26Z","timestamp":1541078006000},"page":"232-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The iron status of South African blood donors: balancing donor safety and blood demand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, South African National Blood Service  Port Elizabeth South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronel","family":"Swanevelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Intelligence Department, South African National Blood Service  Roodepoort South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Bone Marrow Registry (SABMR)  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Lawrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology National Health Laboratory Services and University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah Kim","family":"Glencross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology National Health Laboratory Services and University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Hilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Western Province Blood Transfusion Service  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Nieuwoudt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Department of Science and Technology\/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA)  Stellenbosch South Africa"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBE), Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12431"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2009.00944.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12647"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Iron status and risk\u2010profiling for deficiency in New Zealand blood donors","volume":"121","author":"Badami KG","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Global status report on blood safety and availability 2016","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Anaemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia among blood donors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Jeremiah ZA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"The impact of time and centrifugation on the stability of iron studies","author":"Berg K","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Ltd. 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