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TACO biomarkers may aid in diagnosis, decrease time to treatment, and differentiate from other causes of posttransfusion dyspnea such a transfusion\u2010related acute lung injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review of literature was performed in EMBASE, PubMed, the TRIP Database, and the Cochrane Library, from inception to June 2018. All articles discussing diagnostic markers for TACO were included. Non\u2010English articles or conference abstracts were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty articles discussing biomarkers for TACO were included. The majority investigated B\u2010type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the N\u2010terminal prohormone cleavage fragment of BNP (NT\u2010proBNP), markers of hydrostatic pressure that can be determined within 1 hour. The data indicate that a post\/pretransfusion NT\u2010proBNP ratio &gt; 1.5 can aid in the diagnosis of TACO. Posttransfusion levels of BNP less than 300 or NT\u2010proBNP less than 2000 pg\/mL, drawn within 24 hours of the reaction, make TACO unlikely. Cut\u2010off levels that exclude TACO are currently unclear. In critically ill patients, the specificity of natriuretic peptides for circulatory overload is poor. Other biomarkers, such as cytokine profiles, cannot discriminate between TACO and transfusion\u2010related acute lung injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, BNP and NT\u2010proBNP are the primary diagnostic biomarkers researched for TACO. An NT\u2010proBNP ratio greater than 1.5 is supportive of TACO, and low levels of BNP or NT\u2010proBNP can exclude TACO. However, they are unreliable in critically ill patients. Other biomarkers, including cytokines and pulmonary edema fluid\u2010to\u2010serum protein ratio have not yet been sufficiently investigated for clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T13:16:21Z","timestamp":1543497381000},"page":"795-805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Transfusion\u2010associated circulatory overload\u2014a systematic review of diagnostic biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-4530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert B.","family":"Klanderman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers\u2014AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology Amsterdam University Medical Centers\u2014AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0149-7349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim J.","family":"Bosboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Amsterdam University Medical Centers\u2014AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazan","family":"Migdady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise P.","family":"Veelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Amsterdam University Medical Centers\u2014AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart F.","family":"Geerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Amsterdam University Medical Centers\u2014AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood &amp; Transplant Oxford University Hospitals and University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P.J.","family":"Vlaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers\u2014AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology Amsterdam University Medical Centers\u2014AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Bolton\u2010Maggs PH ThomasD WattA. 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