{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:43:15Z","timestamp":1787240595534,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010424","name":"College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Youngstown State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The routine pretransfusion investigations in Southern Ghana involve only ABO\u2010D blood group typing and ABO compatibility testing without screening for irregular red blood cell (RBC) antibodies. The prevalence and specificities of RBC antibodies and frequencies of most minor blood group antigens in transfused patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Ghana are not known and are the objectives of this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study that investigated transfused patients with SCD for the presence of irregular RBC antibodies and Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and Ss antigens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From a total of 154 patients (median age, 9\u2009years), 10 patients (6.5%) possessed 13 antibodies, predominantly against D, C, and E antigens. In three patients, the antibodies (anti\u2010D, anti\u2010D\u2009+\u2009C, and anti\u2010C\u2009+\u2009e) were against antigens they possessed by serology. Genotyping showed that two of these patients had variant\n                      <jats:italic>RHCE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes that encode for weak and partial e antigens and one patient had a partial\n                      <jats:italic>RHC<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. Frequencies of most RBC antigens were comparable with frequencies established among the African American population; however, K\u2013k\u2013 and Jk(a\u2013b\u2013) phenotypes were more frequent and were present in 21% and 17% of patients, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of RBC alloimmunization in transfused Ghanaian patients with SCD was 6.5% and the majority of antibodies were against antigens of the Rh system. Our findings stress the need to include pretransfusion testing for RBC antibodies in patients with SCD, to improve transfusion safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T13:27:00Z","timestamp":1550064420000},"page":"2016-2022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Red blood cell alloimmunization and minor red blood cell antigen phenotypes in transfused Ghanaian patients with sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Lilian A.","family":"Boateng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"International Public Health Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew 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