{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:38:17Z","timestamp":1788514697386,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fatal case of autochthonous <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic> infection was reported in Australia in 2012. This has implications for Australian public health and, given that babesiosis is transfusion transmissible, has possible implications for Australian blood transfusion recipients. We investigated the seroprevalence of antibodies to <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> in Australian blood donors and in patients with clinically suspected babesiosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma samples (n = 7,000) from donors donating in at\u2010risk areas and clinical specimens from patients with clinically suspected babesiosis (n = 29) were tested for <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> IgG by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). IFA initially reactive samples were tested for <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> IgG and IgM by immunoblot and <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> DNA by polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although five donors were initially reactive for <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> IgG by IFA, none was confirmed for <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> IgG (zero estimate; 95% confidence interval, 0%\u20130.05%) and all were negative for <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> DNA. None of the patient samples had <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> IgG, IgM, or DNA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study does not provide evidence for widespread exposure to <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> in Australian blood donors at local theoretical risk, nor does it provide evidence of <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> infection in Australian patients with clinically suspected babesiosis. Given that confirmed evidence of previous exposure to <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> was not seen, these data suggest that transmission of this pathogen is currently uncommon in Australia and unlikely to pose a risk to transfusion safety at present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T17:22:45Z","timestamp":1557422565000},"page":"2368-2374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["No evidence for widespread <i>Babesia microti<\/i> transmission in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen M.","family":"Faddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Rooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvina","family":"Viennet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Paparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive R.","family":"Seed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Services and Research Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Stramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Scientific Affairs  Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Harley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Services and Research Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiu\u2010Tat","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Services and Research Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peta M.","family":"Dennington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Services and Research Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.P.","family":"Flower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Australian Red Cross Blood Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"Human babesiosis, an emerging tick\u2010borne disease in the People's Republic of China","volume":"7","author":"Zhou X","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2015.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178633617732296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0526-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.11378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1169-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Atlas of Living Australia website athttps:\/\/biocache.ala.org.au\/occurrences\/search?taxa=ixodes+holocyclus#tab_mapView. 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