{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:00Z","timestamp":1788347940302,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Netherlands, needle\u2010related events (NREs) including tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture are a reason for temporary blood donor deferral. This study aims to evaluate whether donors with recent NREs had a higher risk of transfusion\u2010transmissible infections (TTIs) compared to donors without recent NREs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 2006 through 2015 on all blood donation attempts in the Netherlands were collected. Multivariate regression models (for repeated measurements) were used to assess the associations between recent NREs and the acquisition of TTIs. Posttest counseling data were used to determine the most likely risk factor in TTI\u2010positive new and repeat donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent NREs were documented in 97,518 out of 9,266,036 (1.1%) donation attempts; 14,097 (14.5%) NREs resulted in NRE\u2010based donor deferral. Recent NREs reported pre\u2010donation were not associated with an increased risk for TTIs. A total of 29 out of 287 TTI\u2010positive donors (11 repeat donors, 18 new donors) reported a recent NRE pre\u2010 and\/or post\u2010donation. Recent NREs, all needle\u2010stick injuries, were the likely route of transmission in 12 out of 287 (4.2%) of TTI\u2010positive donors. The donor health questionnaire (DHQ) identified only 1 out of 12 TTI\u2010linked NREs. Non\u2010return after NRE deferral, any deferral, or no deferral was 24, 15, and 5%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent tattoos, body piercings, or acupuncture were not associated with an increased risk for TTIs in Dutch donors. Given the lower return rates of donors following a temporary NRE\u2010based deferral, we advocate ending blood donor deferral policies for acupuncture, tattooing, and body piercings, but not needle\u2010stick injuries, in countries where these practices can be considered safe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T12:31:24Z","timestamp":1561206684000},"page":"2575-2583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["No increased risk of transfusion\u2010transmissible infections after tattooing, body piercing, or acupuncture among blood donors in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7849-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femmeke J.","family":"Prinsze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thijs","family":"van de Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Microbiology Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Slot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlinke","family":"Bokhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Donor Affairs Sanquin Blood Bank  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"TRIP National Hemovigilance and Biovigilance Office  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"de Kort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0773-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Zaaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology (CINIMA) Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"van den Hurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-833996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2017.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Commission Directive 2004\/33\/EC. 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[Almost 1 million people visist alternative health care professional] [cited 2018 May 14]. Available from:https:\/\/www.cbs.nl\/nl-nl\/nieuws\/2014\/11\/bijna-1-miljoen-mensen-onder-behandeling-van-een-alternatieve-genezer."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"PiccininiPB ContorL PakalinS et al.Safety of tattoos and permanent make\u2010up. Compilation of information on legislative framework and analytical methods. Report on work package 1. Administrative arrangement N. 2014\u201033617 Analysis conducted on behalf of DG JUST.ISBN 978\u201092\u201079\u201050394\u20108. Report EUR 27394 EN 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"HeimeriksCT Meerstadt\u2010RombachFS MaasJJ et al.Surveillance of work\u2010related infectious diseases in the Netherlands: analysis of 2011. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment: RIVM rapport 205555002\/2012 [cited 2019 May 15]. 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