{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:22:40Z","timestamp":1792282960965,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The screening of Dutch blood donations for West Nile virus (WNV) may be imminent, as WNV emerges in nearby countries and more donors travel to WNV\u2010affected regions. Since 2016 the related, mosquito\u2010borne Usutu virus (USUV) causes seasonal mortality in Dutch birds. To what extent will human USUV infections affect Dutch WNV donor screening?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From April through September 2018, plasma samples from blood donations in blackbird\u2010rich regions were stored. When increased bird mortality was reported in August, samples from July, August, and September were tested for USUV\u2010RNA in pools of eight, using a home\u2010brew combined WNV\/USUV\u2010PCR assay. Reactive pools were deconstructed. Original plasma units and samples of previous and follow\u2010up donations of reactive donors were tested for USUV\u2010 and WNV\u2010RNA, and for antibody responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of USUV RNA\u2010positive, WNV RNA\u2010negative donations was 0 of 2688 donations in July, 6 of 4416 in August (1:736), and 1 of 4936 in September. The seven infected donors tested negative for USUV\u2010RNA in preceding and follow\u2010up donations. For 6 donors, seroconversion for USUV\u2010antibodies was demonstrated. All index donations tested positive in a commonly used PCR\u2010assay for WNV donor screening. Three exposed recipients did not show signs of infection. Screening a random subset of 1092 donations from September for USUV\u2010IgG antibodies showed that 22 donors tested reactive; for three donors retrospective testing identified an USUV PCR\u2010positive pre\u2010seroconversion donation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seasonal USUV infection in Dutch blood donors is common. Cross\u2010reactivity in molecular assays for WNV\u2010screening occurs, but can be resolved using USUV\u2010 and WNV\u2010specific PCR\u2010primers and sequencing of viral RNA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T09:02:15Z","timestamp":1562230935000},"page":"2931-2937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Usutu virus infection in Dutch blood donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0773-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans L.","family":"Zaaijer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Blood\u2010Borne Infections Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Slot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Blood\u2010Borne Infections Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Molier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Blood\u2010Borne Infections Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal B.E.M.","family":"Reusken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment  Bilthoven the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Viroscience Erasmus MC  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco H.G.M.","family":"Koppelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Screening Laboratory Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"The viruses isolated from arthropods at the East African virus research institute in the 26\u2009years ending December 1963","volume":"2","author":"Woodall JP","year":"1964","journal-title":"Proc E Afr 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