{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:35:34Z","timestamp":1774362934411,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The erythrocytic protozoan parasite <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>, the cause of human babesiosis, is transmitted not only by tick bites but also via blood transfusion. <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> is endemic in the northeastern\/upper midwestern United States, where partial screening of blood donations has been implemented. In Canada, a 2013 study of approximately 14,000 donors found no <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> antibody\u2010positive samples, suggesting low risk at that time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between June and October 2018, 50,752 Canadian donations collected from sites near the US border were tested for <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> nucleic acid by transcription\u2010mediated amplification (TMA). Reactive donations were tested for <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>microti<\/jats:italic> by IgG immunofluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction. A subset of 14,758 TMA nonreactive samples was also screened for <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> antibody. Donors who tested reactive\/positive were deferred, asked about risk factors, and were requested to provide a follow\u2010up sample for supplemental testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>One sample from Winnipeg, Manitoba, was TMA and antibody reactive. Of the 14,758 TMA\u2010nonreactive donations tested for antibody, four reactive donations were identified from southwestern Ontario near Lake Erie. None of the interviewed donors remembered any symptoms, likely tick exposure, or relevant travel within Canada or the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the largest <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> prevalence study performed in Canada. The results indicate very low prevalence, with only one TMA\u2010confirmed\u2010positive donation of 50,752 tested. This donor was from the only region in Canada where autochthonous infection has been reported. Seropositive donations in southwestern Ontario suggest low prevalence; travel should not be ruled out given the proximity to the US border.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T06:18:51Z","timestamp":1565072331000},"page":"3171-3176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of <i>Babesia<\/i> in Canadian blood donors: June\u2013October 2018"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7735-8420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Tonnetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross  Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila F.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Gr\u00e9goire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs and Innovation, H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec  Saint\u2010Laurent Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie C.","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross  Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Drews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Delage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs and Innovation, H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec  Saint\u2010Laurent Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Br\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc.  San Diego California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Linnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc.  San Diego California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Stramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland"},{"name":"Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross  Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2011.00562.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1202018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.451-469.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2008.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14476"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Center for Control and Prevention. 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