{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:41:32Z","timestamp":1775108492359,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]],"date-time":"2019-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000014","name":"Canadian Blood Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole blood (WB) is held at room temperature for not more than 24\u2009hours before blood component manufacturing. The ability of several culture collection, skin\u2010derived, and transfusion\u2010related bacteria to survive in WB stored at 22\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00b0C for 24\u2009hours was investigated in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one bacteria of the species <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus capitis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Serratia liquefaciens<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> were inoculated into 7\u2010mL aliquots of WB at a concentration of 500\u2009colony\u2010forming units (CFU)\/mL. Spiked WB was stored aerobically at 22\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00b0C, and bacterial viability and growth were monitored at 3, 8, and 24\u2009hours during WB storage. Bacteria that showed decreased viability during WB incubation were further characterized for their sensitivity to plasma factors and neutrophil killing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were three different scenarios for bacterial behavior during the hold of WB at 22\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00b0C. Five bacteria proliferated (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.03), 11 remained viable or showed low proliferation, and a third group of five bacteria had decreased or lost viability (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Three of the latter five bacteria were plasma\u2010sensitive while the other two were plasma\u2010resistant but susceptible to neutrophil killing (p = 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bactericidal activity of WB can be the result of plasma sensitivity or neutrophil killing. Bacteria with a starting inoculum of 500\u2009CFU\/mL, and able to resist WB immune factors, can proliferate to clinically significant levels posing a potential safety risk to transfusion patients. Results of this pilot study should be validated under standard WB collection and storage conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T04:29:34Z","timestamp":1571027374000},"page":"3674-3682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Bacterial survival in whole blood depends on plasma sensitivity and resistance to neutrophil killing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mariam","family":"Taha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Kyluik\u2010Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dilini","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario"},{"name":"Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Toyofuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-4987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Ramirez\u2010Arcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37397240204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00827.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Growth and distribution of bacteria in contaminated whole blood and derived blood components","volume":"114","author":"Gravemann U","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Transfusion reactions","author":"Ramirez\u2010Arcos S","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Cerus Corporation the Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross and the University Hospital of Basel receive a grant of 2 million Swiss Francs from the Swiss Red Cross Humanitarian Foundation for whole blood pathogen inactivation for Africa [Internet]. 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