{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1788432308817,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cerus Corporation"},{"name":"Humanitarian Foundation Swiss Red Cross"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk of transfusion\u2010transmitted (TT) malaria is mainly associated with whole blood (WB) or red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Risk mitigation relies mostly on donor deferral while a limited number of countries perform blood testing, both negatively impacting blood availability. This study investigated the efficacy of the pathogen reduction system using amustaline and glutathione (GSH) to inactivate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in WB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>WB units were spiked with ring stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infected RBCs. Parasite loads were measured in samples at time of infection, after 24\u2009hours at room temperature (RT), and after a 24\u2010hour incubation at RT post\u2010treatment with 0.2\u2009mM amustaline and 2\u2009mM GSH. Serial 10\u2010fold dilutions of the samples were inoculated to RBC cultures and maintained up to 4\u2009weeks. Parasitemia was quantified by cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> viability assay has a limit of detection of a single live parasite per sample. Input parasite titer was &gt;5.7 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> TCID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> per mL. A 24\u2010hour incubation at RT paused parasite development in controls, but they retained viability and infectivity when tested in culture. In contrast, no infectious parasites were detected in the amustaline\/GSH\u2010treated sample after 4\u2009weeks of culture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>A robust level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> inactivation was achieved in WB using amustaline\/GSH treatment. Parasite log reduction was &gt;5.7 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> TCID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> per mL. Development of such a pathogen reduction system may provide an opportunity to reduce the risk of TT malaria and improve blood availability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T07:49:56Z","timestamp":1583308196000},"page":"799-805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Inactivation of <scp><i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i><\/scp> in whole blood using the amustaline and glutathione pathogen reduction technology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ciss\u00e9","family":"Sow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MCAM, UMR 7245, Mus\u00e9um National d\u02bcHistoire Naturelle, CNRS  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Laughhunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerus Corporation  Concord California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette A.","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerus Corporation  Concord California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion C.","family":"Lanteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerus Corporation  Concord California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Amar El Dusouqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Transfusion SRC  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5132-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adonis","family":"Stassinopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerus Corporation  Concord California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Grellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MCAM, UMR 7245, Mus\u00e9um National d\u02bcHistoire Naturelle, CNRS  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"WHO. 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The 2016 global status report on blood safety and availability. [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 January 16]. 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