{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:20:39Z","timestamp":1790774439957,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI102623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI102623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI128779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI128779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malaria remains a leading transfusion associated infectious risk in endemic areas. However, the prevalence of malaria parasitemia has not been well characterized in blood donor populations. This study sought to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> in red blood cell (RBC) and whole blood (WB) units after the rainy season in Uganda.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS AND MATERIALS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between May and July 2018, blood was collected from the sample diversion pouch of 1000 WB donors in Kampala and Jinja, Uganda. The RBC pellet from ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated blood was stored at \u221280\u00b0C until testing. DNA was extracted and nested PCR was used to screen samples at the genus level for <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>, with positive samples further tested for species identification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malaria parasitemia among asymptomatic, eligible blood donors in two regions of Uganda was 15.4%; 87.7% (135\/154) of infections were with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, while <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P. ovale<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> were also detected. There were 4.3% of blood donors who had mixed infection with multiple species. Older donors (&gt;30\u2009years vs. 17\u201019\u2009years; aPR = 0.31 [95% CI = 0.17\u20100.58]), females (aPR = 0.60 [95% CI = 0.42\u20100.87]), repeat donors (aPR = 0.44 [95% CI = 0.27\u20100.72]) and those donating near the capital city of Kampala versus rural Jinja region (aPR = 0.49 [95% CI = 0.34\u20100.69]) had a lower prevalence of malaria parasitemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high proportion of asymptomatic blood donors residing in a malaria endemic region demonstrate evidence of parasitemia at time of donation. Further research is needed to quantify the risk and associated burden of transfusion\u2010transmitted malaria (TTM) in order to inform strategies to prevent TTM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T17:41:20Z","timestamp":1586799680000},"page":"955-964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Malaria parasitemia among blood donors in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Kristin J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Ddungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Cancer Institute  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchee","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Kyeyune\u2010Byabazaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Blood Transfusion Services  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly R.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezra","family":"Musisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Blood Transfusion Services  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshan U.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronnie","family":"Kasirye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUJHU Research Collaboration  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8181-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan M.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Lubega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUJHU Research Collaboration  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandy C.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather A.","family":"Hume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics CHU Ste\u2010Justine, University of Montreal  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0517-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron A.R.","family":"Tobian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Fact sheet about malaria [monograph on the internet]. 2019. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malaria"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"WHOS recommended citation: World Malaria Report 2018.Geneva:World Health Organization;2018. Licence: CC BY\u2010NC\u2010SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz283"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"WHOS recommended citations: World Health Organization. (2017).The 2016 global status report on blood safety and availability. World Health Organization.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/254987. License: CC BY\u2010NC\u2010SA 3.0 IGO"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Status of blood safety in the WHO African region: report of the 2006 survey","author":"Tapko JB","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90314-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Screening donated blood for transfusion\u2010transmissible infections: recommendations","author":"WHOS recommended citation:World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106283442603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656806"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1966-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Nested PCR analysis of Plasmodium parasites","volume":"72","author":"Snounou G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2110.150678"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02760-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Recommended citation from DHS: Uganda Bureau of Statistics \u2010 UBOS and ICF International. 2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-1056-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00581-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14949"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70320-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2972-1","article-title":"Malaria chemoprevention with monthly dihydroartemisinin\u2010piperaquine for the post\u2010discharge management of severe anaemia in children aged less than 5\u2009years in Uganda and Kenya: study protocol for a multi\u2010centre, two\u2010arm, randomised, placebo\u2010controlled, superiority trial","volume":"19","author":"Kwambai TK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.15775","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.15775","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.15775","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.15775","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T08:32:13Z","timestamp":1693989133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.15775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.15775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.15775","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}