{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:34:46Z","timestamp":1774524886650,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the pandemic, testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction is one of the pillars on which countermeasures are based. Factors limiting the output of laboratories interfere with the effectiveness of public health measures. Conserving reagents by pooling samples in low\u2010probability settings is proposed but may cause dilution and loss of sensitivity. Blood transfusion services had experience in performance of high throughput nucleic acid testing (NAT) analysis and can support the national health system by screening of the inhabitants for SARS\u2010COV\u20102.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated a new approach of a multiple\u2010swab method by simultaneously incubating multiple respiratory swabs in a single tube. Analytical sensitivity was constant up to a total number of 50 swabs. It was consequently applied in the testing of 50 symptomatic patients (5\u2010sample pools) as well as 100 asymptomatic residents of a nursing home (10\u2010sample pools).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel method did not cause false\u2010negative results with nonsignificantly differing cycle threshold values between single\u2010swab and multiple\u2010swab NAT. In two routine applications, all minipools containing positive patient samples were correctly identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The new method enables countries to increase the total number of testing significantly. The multiple\u2010swab method is able to screen system relevant groups of employees frequently. The example in Germany shows that blood transfusion services can support general health systems with their experience in NAT and their high\u2010throughput instruments. Screening of a huge number of inhabitants is currently the only option to prevent a second infection wave and enable exit strategies in many countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T03:02:38Z","timestamp":1594004558000},"page":"2441-2447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Novel multiple swab method enables high efficiency in\n                    <scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 screenings without loss of sensitivity for screening of a complete population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9338-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Hoehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology University Hospital, Goethe\u2010University  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology University Hospital, Goethe\u2010University  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Zeichhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fuer Qualitaetssicherung in der Virusdiagnostik \u2010 IQVD der GBD mbH  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"INSTAND Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Qualitaetssicherung in medizinischen Laboratorien e.V.  Duesseldorf Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2010Universitaetsmedizin, Institut fuer Virologie  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Hourfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ciesek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology University Hospital, Goethe\u2010University  Frankfurt Germany"},{"name":"Germany Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erhard","family":"Seifried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"The World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) outbreak situation.https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019. Accessed March 31 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001468"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6914e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"The World Health Organization (WHO). WHO director\u2010general's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID\u201019 \u2010 16 March 2020.https:\/\/www.who.int\/dg\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19\u201316-march-2020. Accessed March 31 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The World Health Organization (WHO). Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) in suspected human cases: interim guidance 19 March 2020. Accessed April 9 2020.","DOI":"10.15557\/PiMR.2020.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","article-title":"Optimized qRT\u2010PCR approach for the detection of intra\u2010 and extra\u2010cellular SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 RNAs","author":"Toptan T","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"3","volume":"22","author":"Hanel R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Boosting test\u2010efficiency by pooled testing strategies for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"NAT and viral safety in blood transfusion","volume":"78","author":"Roth WK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01506.x"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Ftrf.15973","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.15973","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.15973","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.15973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T06:19:08Z","timestamp":1693808348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.15973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.15973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.15973","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.28.20074187","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}