{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:19:58Z","timestamp":1772817598303,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nucleic acid persists after symptom resolution and infectivity for many viral infections via delayed clearance of nucleic acid fragments, non\u2010infectious particles, or transmissible virus. For Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), the relationship between nasopharyngeal (NP) swab positivity, the development of antibodies against COVID\u201019, and clinical history are unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals who recovered from COVID\u201019 and volunteered to donate convalescent plasma (CP) were screened by NP swab PCR, responded to a questionnaire, and were tested for anti\u2010COVID\u201019 antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A proportion of 11.8% of individuals tested positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 by NP swab PCR greater than 14\u2009days after the resolution of symptoms of active disease, including one donor who had asymptomatic disease and tested positive by NP swab 41\u2009days after her initial diagnosis. Clinical history did not show a significant correlation with persistence of NP swab positivity. Also, NP swab positivity &gt;14\u2009days from symptom resolution did not correlate with anti\u2010COVID\u201019 serology results. IgG anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 spike antibody strength correlated with hospitalization for COVID\u201019 using two different assays. Total anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 nucleocapsid antibody strength correlated with time from symptom resolution to sample collection and symptom duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 nucleic acid is detectable long after the resolution of symptoms in a significant percentage of previously diagnosed individuals, which is important to consider when interpreting PCR swab results. Persistence of PCR positivity does not correlate with antibody strength or symptoms of COVID\u201019. If anti\u2010spike antibody is used to assess CP potency, individuals who suffered severe COVID\u201019 disease symptoms may represent better donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T08:34:13Z","timestamp":1598344453000},"page":"2962-2968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Persistence of <scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\u20102 nasopharyngeal swab <scp>PCR<\/scp> positivity in <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 convalescent plasma donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sachie","family":"Ikegami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Benirschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Tanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tovah","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Elue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Debosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Mallek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perry","family":"Guariglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NorthShore University HealthSystem, Swedish Hospital  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4092-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Gniadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138745"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4783"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"152","article-title":"Convalescent plasma: new evidence for an old therapeutic tool?","volume":"14","author":"Marano G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Recommendations for Investigational COVID\u201019 Convalescent Plasma. Version updated May 1 2020.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/investigational-new-drug-ind-or-device-exemption-ide-process-cber\/recommendations-investigational-covid-19-convalescent-plasma. Accessed May 14 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Criteria for return to work for healthcare personnel with suspected or confirmed COVID\u201019 (Interim Guidance).https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/return-to-work.html. Accessed May 14 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv331"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00249-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","article-title":"Relationship between anti\u2010spike protein antibody titers and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in vitro virus neutralization in convalescent plasma","author":"Salazar E","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.16015","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.16015","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.16015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T01:22:07Z","timestamp":1693876927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.16015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.16015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.16015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}