{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T14:54:47Z","timestamp":1768748087178,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic is having a major global impact, and the resultant response in the development of new diagnostics is unprecedented. The detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) has a role in managing the pandemic. We evaluated the feasibility of using SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 peptide Kode Technology\u2010modified red cells (C19\u2010kodecytes) to develop an assay compatible with existing routine serologic platforms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A panel of eight unique red cells modified using Kode Technology function\u2010spacer\u2010lipid constructs and bearing short SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 peptides was developed (C19\u2010kodecyte assay). Kodecytes were tested against undiluted expected antibody\u2010negative and \u2010positive plasma samples in manual tube and three column agglutination technology (CAT) platforms. Parallel analysis with the same peptides in solid phase by enzyme immunoassays was performed. Evaluation samples included &gt;120 expected negative blood donor samples and &gt;140 COVID\u201019 convalescent plasma samples, with independent serologic analysis from two centers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specificity (negative reaction rate against expected negative samples) in three different CAT platforms against novel C19\u2010kodecytes was &gt;91%, which correlated with published literature. Sensitivity (positive reaction rate against expected positive convalescent, PCR\u2010confirmed samples) ranged from 82% to 97% compared to 77% with the Abbott Architect SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG assay. Manual tube serology was less sensitive than CAT. Enzyme immunoassay results with some Kode Technology constructs also had high sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>C19\u2010kodecytes are viable for use as serologic reagent red cells for the detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody with routine blood antibody screening equipment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T08:09:19Z","timestamp":1613549359000},"page":"1171-1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 antibody screening with <scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\u20102 red cell kodecytes using routine serologic diagnostic platforms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Radhika","family":"Nagappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and 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University of Technology  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Ryzhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shemyakin\u2010Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tuzikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shemyakin\u2010Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oxana","family":"Galanina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shemyakin\u2010Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Shilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shemyakin\u2010Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry  Moscow 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