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CD45RA<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> memory T cells confer protection against viruses such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein\u2013Barr virus, and adenovirus; however, reports have shown an unexpectedly high incidence of human herpesvirus (HHV)\u20106B encephalitis among pediatric allo\u2010HSCT patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report the first 18 consecutive allo\u2010HSCT, 16 haplo\u2010HSCT, and two human leukocyte antigen\u2010matched related donors implanted with na\u00efve TCD grafts. All donors were administered three cell products: first, a CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> stem cell product; second, a CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> TCD graft, followed by an adoptive natural killer (NK) cell infusion within 10\u2009days after HSCT. The study's primary endpoint was the incidence of HHV\u20106B encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Engraftment was achieved in 94.5% of cases; 2\u2010year overall survival, event\u2010free survival, and GvHD\/relapse\u2010free survival were 87.2% (95% CI 78.6\u201395.8), 67.3% (95% CI 53.1\u201381.5), and 64% (95% CI 50.5\u201378.1), respectively. HHV\u20106B reactivation occurred in 7 of the haplo\u2010HSCT patients, six of who received a cell infusion with an NK\/CD4 ratio &lt;2. None of the patients developed encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this clinical study, we show that early adoptive NK cell infusion after a 45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> TCD allo\u2010HSCT graft is safe and can prevent HHV\u20106B encephalitis. We recommend infusing adoptive NK cells after allo\u2010HSCT using CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> TCD grafts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T17:20:35Z","timestamp":1615656035000},"page":"1505-1517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The role of early natural killer cell adoptive infusion before engraftment in protecting against human herpesvirus<scp>\u20106B<\/scp> encephalitis after na\u00efve <scp>T<\/scp>\u2010cell\u2010depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Gasior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ferreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"de Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco\u2010Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmina","family":"Mozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco\u2010Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Sisinni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco\u2010Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Torres","family":"Canizales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco\u2010Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Olivas\u2010Maz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco\u2010Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A\u00edda","family":"Constanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Mirones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco\u2010Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Onco\u2010Hematology Department La Paz University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Balas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histocompatibility and HLA Typing Lab. 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