{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:50:45Z","timestamp":1790682645244,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657929600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":380,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013132","name":"Combat Casualty Care Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective observational study on 205 trauma patients at a level I trauma facility to test the hypothesis that a compensatory reserve measurement (CRM) would identify higher risk for progression to shock and\/or need a life\u2010saving interventions (LSIs) earlier than systolic blood pressure (SBP) and blood lactate (LAC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A composite outcome metric included blood transfusion, procedural LSI, and mortality. Discrete measures assessed as abnormal (ab) were SBP &lt;90\u2009mmHg, CRM &lt;60%, and LAC &gt;2.0. A graded categorization of shock was defined as: no shock (normal [n] SBP [n\u2010SBP], n\u2010CRM, n\u2010LAC); sub\u2010clinical shock (ab\u2010CRM, n\u2010SBP, n\u2010LAC); occult shock (n\u2010SBP, ab\u2010CRM, ab\u2010LAC); or overt shock (ab\u2010SBP, ab\u2010CRM, ab\u2010LAC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three patients displayed overt shock, 53 displayed sub\u2010clinical shock, and 149 displayed no shock. After incorporating lactate into the analysis, 86 patients demonstrated no shock, 25 were classified as sub\u2010clinical shock, 91 were classified as occult shock, and 3 were characterized as overt shock. Each shock subcategory revealed a graded increase requiring LSI and transfusion. Initial CRM was associated with progression to shock (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a00.97; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) at an earlier time than SBP or LAC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initial CRM uncovers a clinically relevant subset of patients who are not detected by SBP and LAC. Our results suggest CRM could be used to more expeditiously identify injured patients likely to deteriorate to shock, with requirements for blood transfusion or procedural LSI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T13:13:28Z","timestamp":1626441208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Compensatory reserve detects subclinical shock with more expeditious prediction for need of <scp>life\u2010saving<\/scp> interventions compared to systolic blood pressure and blood lactate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4627-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor A.","family":"Convertino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Battlefield Health &amp; Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam 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Uniformed Services University  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"DeRosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery UT Health San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Eastridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery UT Health San Antonio  San Antonio Texas 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